9 A. BULLETIN 569, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ing the cyclone the pulp is allowed to stand in a tank or vat. In half 
an hour or so the clear juice begins to separate from the fibrous 
cellular portions, which tend to rise, owing to the entangled gas. 
When this stage is reached a stopcock or bung near the bottom of the 
vat is “cracked” and the juice drawn off. Meanwhile, more pulp 
usually is added. In this way the pulp is held for varying lengths of 
time up to half a day or more, which obviously allows some spoilage 
to take place. Another objectionable feature is that a large part 
of the soluble solids, which contribute much to the flavor of properly 
made products, is thrown away. The rapid decline in the use of the 
gravity method during the last few years, therefore, marks a decided 
advance in the manufacture of tomato products. | 
Manufacturers should seek to reduce to a minimum the time re-. 
quired to carry the product through from basket to bottle or can. 
The slogan “An hour from basket to bottle” expresses a degree of 
efficiency which should be striven for by every manufacturer and 
which already is being attained in some factories throughout the 
country. 
CLEANLINESS IN THE FACTORY. 
ITS IMPORTANCE. 
A knowledge of the conditions favorable for growth of micro- 
organisms serves to emphasize the great importance of cleanliness 
about a canning factory. To secure normal growth there must be 
first the spore or a portion of the vegetative part of the organism 
to start the infection. Then for its development or multiplication 
there must be a suitable food supply, moisture, and a certain amount 
of heat. The rate of growth varies for different organisms and is 
influenced greatly by the nature of the food supply and the degree 
of heat. 
One of the most persistent species of mold occurring around 
tomato-canning factories is that identified as Oidiwm lactis (Plate 1). 
Molds growing on apparatus impart to it a slippery feel, very differ- 
ent from that which characterizes clean apparatus. A deposit of 
more or less cheesy consistency usually can be scraped from apparatus 
having such a feel. 
Mold will grow sometimes in many unexpected places, such as on 
metal and wood conveyors, on cyclone paddles, and in similar places. 
As its presence always indicates lack of thoroughness in cleaning, it 
will be seen that proper cleaning is of vital importance if a sanitary 
condition is to be maintained in the plant. By proper forethought 
in planning and equipping a factory the difficulties in keeping it 
clean can be reduced greatly. It frequently happens that in devising, 
selecting, and installing factory equipment too little thought is 
