8 BULLETIN 1220, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
estimated 80 per cent of the Brava families had title to their homes 
in comparison with 50 per cent of native families. On the other 
hand, he estimated only one per cent of the total Brava population 
was on the town's voting lists, showing, thus far, a very low rate of 
naturalization. 
RESIDENCE, AGE, DEPENDENTS. 
The farm workers interviewed were mostly laborers; a few were 
out of employment ; a few were foremen or supervisors. Farm opera- 
tors working out as farm laborers occasionally constitute a minor but 
characteristic element of the farm-labor supply. Especially in the 
Connecticut Valley there are many such who help their families work 
onion acreages and work out much or all the regular working: dav. 
(Table 4.) 6 J 
Table 4. — Jobs held by American and foreign born farm workers ivhen interviewed. 
Jobs held. 
American born. 
Foreign born. 
All workers. 
Number. 
Per cent. 
Number. 
6 
7 
144 
21 
4 
1 
Per cent. 
3.3 
3.8 
78.7 
11.5 
2.2 
0.5 
Number. 
6 
28 
308 
32 
15 
6 
Per cent. 
1 5 
21 
164 
11 
11 
5 
9.9 
77.4 
5.2 
5.2 
2.3 
7 1 
78 
Farm operator working out as laborer 
8.1 
3 8 
Others 
1.5 
Total . 
212 
100.0 
183 
100.0 
395 
100 
Of the 395 laborers interviewed, three-quarters reported they 
lived in the town where employed; half the remainder lived in ad- 
joining places or within daily traveling distance of their work. Two 
hundred and twelve of them were American-born, 183 foreign-born. 
About three-quarters of the former were of native parentage; nearly 
as many were born in Massachusetts. 
The foreign-born had been in this country an average of 16 years. 
That the recent war had checked immigration was shown by the fact 
that 15 of those interviewed had come into the country within two 
years, but in the six years previous only two had arrived; in the nine 
previous years at least seven had come each year. 
The hired farm workers interviewed ranged from 13 to 72 }~ears 
of age, the American born averaging 33.3 years; the foreign-born, 
37.5 years; all workers, 35.2 years. Practically two-fifths of the 
American-born workers and only one-tenth of the foreign-born 
workers were under 25 years of age. This striking difference seems 
partly due to the fact that many young people of school age were 
working at the time of year the study was made, and to the tendency 
of American families working on the home farms to allow their young 
people wages while others tend not to do so. Less than one-fifth of 
the American-born, in contrast to half the foreign-born, were from 
35 to 49 years of age. This may indicate that the latter stay on the 
soil better than the native-born, that they reach farm ownership 
less quickly, and that they were forced out of industrial employment 
by slack work more quickly than the probably more skilled native- 
born. 
