22 BULLETIN 1284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE 
At Amarillo the average for four years was 13.4 per cent, the lowest 
(8.8 per cent) in 1917 and the highest (15.1 per cent) in 1919. The 
percentage of infection at Rosslvn in 1920 was 13.2 and at Brooklyn 
in 1921 21.1 per cent. 
One strain of Dwarf broomcorn grown at Columbia in 1915 had 
6.3 per cent infection. Dwarf broomcorn (C. I. No. 442) was grown 
at Manhattan in four years with an average of 8.2 per cent infection, 
the lowest (5.2 per cent) in 1917 and the highest (18.5 per cent) in 
1918. At Amarillo the average infection of the same variety in the 
four years was 15.2 per cent, the lowest (3.2 per cent) in 1917, and 
the highest (20.4 per cent) in 1919. At Rosslyn 10 per cent of the 
plants grown in 1920 were infected. 
Seven strains of Standard broomcorn were grown at Columbia. 
A total of 2,389 plants was produced, of which 630, or 26.4 per cent, 
were smutted. The lowest percentage of infection obtained was 1.1 
in 1918 and the highest (40.8 per cent) in 1916. Standard broom- 
corn (C. I. No. 446) had 5.1 per cent infection at Rosslyn and 23.1 
per cent at Brooklyn. It was grown during four years at Manhattan 
with an average of 10.8 per cent infection, the lowest being 9 per cent 
in 1919 and the highest (12.4 per cent) in 1918. At Amarillo the 
average for the same four years was 11.2 per cent, with the lowest 
(5.8 per cent) in 1916 and the highest (18.2 per cent) in 1918. Two 
additional strains were grown at Brooklyn, and 32 plants out of 105, 
or 30.5 per cent, were infected. 
These results indicate clearly that all strains of broomcorn are 
moderately susceptible to the covered kernel smut. 
RESULTS WITH KAOLIANG 
The kaoliangs (5) are varieties of sorghum which are extensively 
grown in Manchuria and elsewhere in northeastern China, where 
they are used both for human food and for the feeding of farm 
animals. Numerous varieties were introduced into the United 
States between 1902 and 1908. These vary greatly in height, earli- 
ness, productiveness, and other equalities. Only one variety is now 
of any commercial importance in the United States. This is the 
Manchu, which is grown to a slight extent in South Dakota. The 
South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station has made a selection 
of the Manchu variety and given it the name " Arco." 
The kaoliangs constitute a distinct group of grain sorghums. 
They possess a slender dry stem, the internodes are long, and the 
plant bears 7 to 10 leaves. The panicle is compressed, with the 
glumes tightly appressed to the brown or white grains. The varieties 
introduced may be grouped into three classes: (1) The white 
kaoliangs, with white glumes and white kernels; (2) the blackhull 
kaoliangs, with black glumes and white kernels; and (3) the brown 
kaoliangs, by far the largest group, containing a great diversity of 
varieties, characterized by brown or reddish brown kernels and 
black, brown, or red glumes. 
Data relating to the inoculation experiments on the various 
kaoliangs are presented in Table 4. 
