t) DEPABTMEST BULLETIN 912, 
insurance summaries which contain list- of companies that have 
failed or retired, however, at least six joint-stock fire insurance com- 
panies have gone out of business in the last 50 year- for every such 
company now in the field. 
Considered by States, the number of hail mutuals org and 
the number now in existence are as follows : 
North Dakota. 13 companies organized and 1 in existence : Min- 
fca. 25 organized and 7 in existence: Iowa. IS organized and 
tence: Nebraska. 16 organized and -1 in existence: Kansas. 14 
- and 7 in existence: Wiseonsi! 4 in ex- 
istence: Oklahoma. 9 organized and 2 in existence, 6 or- 
ganized and 2 in existence: Texas. 6 organized and 3 in existence: 
South Carolina. 2 organized and both in existence: Connect] 
Michigan, and New Mexico. 1 company organized in each State n 
each still in existence. 
Of the hail mutuals that have ceased doing business LI mpanies 
were in existence for one year only. 38 operated more than one year 
but under five, while *2 r > operated five or more years bnt ten. 
In section the various ages attained by the 41 hail mutuals 
now in the field should be of interest. The approximate age- of tht-se 
panies, by five-year periods, are indicate 1 by the tV.llovring sum- 
mary of their organization : 
1885-1889 2 o-mpanies. 
594 J 2 companies. 
1895-1899 •'• 
- 04 4 companies. 
1905-1909 7 compai:. 
1010-1914 , o companies. 
1915-1919 15 companies. 
The year 1911 marks the entry into the hail insurance field of the 
third type of business institution above mentioned. North Dakota in 
T "ear having put into operation its first State hail insurance law 
which provided for the writing of this form of insurance through a 
State hail insurance department. During the first year of State 
insurance in North Dakota premiums to the amount of $26. 
Uected, representing risks of slightly more than $1,000,000. 
Ine I experienced during the year exceeded the premium in- 
. le, hovcever. by nearly IS per cent, and the losses as adjusted had 
to it 7" per cent. The business during 1912 showed a 
relatively marked increase: the premiums amounted to nearly $65, 
and the risks were in excess of $2,500,000. During this year, how- 
ever, the losses were nearly one audi two-thirds times the total 
premiums, and fur this reason had to be prorated on a basis of 55 
per cent. These experience- discouraged the farmers from taking 
hail insurance with the State department, and the total business for 
