WHITE-PINE BLISTER RUST. 63 
THE TELIA AND TELIOSPORES. 
GENERATIONS OF TELIA. 
In 1918 Pennington 42 made observations upon the generations of 
telia at Lewis, N. Y. This was a season very favorable for the 
occurrence of distinct waves of spore production. The first genera- 
tion of telia appeared on June 28 with and following the second 
crop of uredinia. They were present throughout the rest of the 
season, but in the greatest abundance with and immediately follow- 
ing a new generation of uredinia. As compared with the uredinia, 
they were produced in relatively greater abundance with each 
succeeding generation. There were six distinct waves of telial 
production. 
SEASON OP PRODUCTION OP THE TELIA. 
The date when the first telia are produced varies from year to 
year with the earliness of the season. The earliest of which we have 
definite record is June 2, 1918, at North Conway, N. H. Table V 
(p. 72) gives data for the different regions of North America. 
The telia are formed until the Kibes leaves fall in the autumn. 
Drought is likely to cause premature shedding of diseased Kibes 
leaves soon after the first telia form. This greatly limits the produc- 
tion of new telia. 
DISTRIBUTION OF THE TELIOSPORES. 
Because the teliospores are produced in more or less compact 
columella they are normally not separated from the host plant. 
They do become distributed somewhat, however. Gravatt and 
Marshall • (45) found that slugs eat telial columns from rusted Kibes 
leaves; also that sow bugs carry broken columns on their bodies. 
There seems to be no reason why insects and other animals may not 
do likewise. 
The telia are sometimes mechanically broken off and blown about 
by the wind. 
Diseased Ribes leaves fall to the ground and are blown about by 
the wind. Often they are broken into small pieces which may be 
blown long distances. In fact, York 43 found such bits of dead 
leaves in his spore traps 200 feet distant from the nearest Ribes 
bush. Telia on dead leaves kept out of doors in the shade are 
known to retain viability for 65 days, so that in this way the disease 
might appear in very unexpected places on pines at a greater dis- 
tance than the sporidia are carried in a viable condition. 
GERMINATION OF THE TELIOSPORES. 
The teliospores germinate readily in tap water and produce sporidia 
in 6 to 12 hours. 43 - 44 Each spore produces normally a 4-celled pro- 
42 Pennington, L. H. Op. cit. 
43 York, H. H. Op. cit. 
44 York, H. H., Overholts, L. O., and Taylor, M. W. Op. cit. 
