" PROTECTING WOODS AGAINST TERMITES. 9 
and the substance apparently dries more quickly. Tests have proved 
that the addition of pigments, notably green, does not affect the re- 
sistant qualities of the treated wood. 
The quantity of pigment (green) added to the creosote oils used 
in the experiments was 1 pound of pigment to 1 gallon of creosote. 
It is believed that satisfactory physical properties can be obtained 
by reducing the amount of pigment, if the pleasing stain is not of 
primary importance. The wood which was treated was yellow pine 
and was more than half seasoned. Where the mixture was applied 
by means of dipping, coal-tar creosote and pigment alone were used; 
but where creosote and pigment were applied with a brush the mix- 
ture was slightly thinned with linseed oil, so as to encourage drying 
and make the application easier. 
According to the Forest Products Laboratory, red and brown pig- 
ments are less expensive than green; furthermore, a smaller amount 
of red or brown pigment is necessary to obtain a satisfactorily col- 
ored creosote than in the case of green. Red and brown pigments 
can be used by the open-tank method or pressure method, whereas 
rd Bo Ps a ee Be & Ja > je Ass 
So  @ oO e 12) e 9 3’; (9) pS $ 2 
U7 y 168 » HB 5 169 » Wl y Mi \, 23 y 172 ¥ x 777 X5 x 
a Vv a v a v a a a 
“U2 gq “5 “3 “2 126 120 127 9 a 128 Ws 445g ey 
134 190 » 152 9s 1693 
g a P| @ a » 
e oe Oo 174 e@ = re) 175 r) 2 re) 18/ e@ Ss, Oo vA x e 199 Oo 1892 @ 193 O 
sb x dade x 149 x 178 x 176 x 1793 x 782 x /80 x 187 x 4 x /// x 19/ 
| v : v v | v | v | 
130 g 138 125 @ /7? 136 0 140 137 0 /42 133 o “6 186 @ ea 
157 158 159 460 462 165 
= @O/LA,FULL CELL. @ W000 CREOSOTE, FULL CELL. 
(ox) OELMPTY CELL. OLWPTY CELL. 
MO/L B,FULL CELL. M SPECIAL, O/L A. 
VEMPTY CELL. X SOME SAP WOOD. 
Fic. 2.—Arrangement of stakes treated by the cylinder pressure process at Falls 
Church, Va. 
brushing or dipping must be used with green. The proportions are 
8 to 12 ounces of pigment (ground in oil) mixed with an equal bulk 
of linseed oil for each gallon of creosote. ‘ 
TREATMENTS FOR TIMBER TO BE SET IN THE GROUND. 
SUPERFICIAL TREATMENTS. 
The superficial brushing and dipping methods are temporarily 
effective in preventing attack by insects to timber and crude foresty 
products; results of tests and examinations of service test telephone 
pole lines indicate that the treated wood set in the ground usually 
resists attack by wood-boring insects from 2 to 8 years, depending 
upon the chemical, the thoroughness of the treatment, the character 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II. 
RESISTANT REDWOOD DAMAGED BY NATIVE TERMITES AND OTHER DAMAGE TO WOOD BY 
TERMITES: 1, Picture molding infested and ruined by Cryptotermes brevis_in the old 
Colonial Hotel, Nassau, N. P., Bahamas, 1921. View showing damage exposed. 2, Same, 
showing how interior is eaten out, leaving hollow shell but with outer layers intact. 
3, Permanent redwood stakes to support grapevines in Merced County, Calif., vineyards 
damaged by the termite Reticulitermes hesperus, which also injures the young vines. 
Side view. 4, Same, edge view. 5, Bureau drawer injured by the termite C. brevis, Key 
West, Fla. 6, Oak flooring damaged by Reticulitermes in the eastern United States ; note 
how damage is hidden (upper surface). 
