NOSEMA-DISEASE. 57 
(19) Suspended in honey, Nosema apis is destroyed by heating at 
about 138° F. (59° C). 
(20) Nosema apis, drying at room and outdoor temperatures, re- 
spectively, remained virulent for about 2 months, at incubator tem- 
perature about 3 weeks, and in a refrigerator about 7} months. 
(21) Nosema apis was destroyed in the presence of fermentative 
processes in a 20 per cent honey solution in 3 days at incubator tem- 
perature and in 9 days at outdoor temperature. In a 10 per cent 
sugar solution it was destroyed in from 7 to 11 days at room tem- 
perature. 
(22) Nosema apis resisted putrefactive processes for 5 days at 
incubator temperature, for 2 weeks at room temperature, and for more 
than 3 weeks at outdoor temperature. 
(23) Nosema apis when dry was destroyed in from 15 to 32 hours 
by direct exposure to the sun's rays. 
(24) Nosema apis suspended in water was destroyed by exposure 
to the sun's rays in from 37 to 51 hours. 
(25) Nosema apis if suspended in honey and exposed to the sun's 
rays frequently will be destroyed on account of the temperature of 
the honey which results from the exposure. 
(26) Nosema apis remained virulent in honey for from 2 to 4 
months at room temperature. 
(27) Nosema apis in the bodies of dead bees ceased to be virulent 
in one week at incubator temperature, in 4 weeks at room tempera- 
ture, in 6 weeks at outdoor temperature, and in 4 months in a refrig- 
erator. 
(28) Nosema apis in the bodies of dead bees lying on the soil ceased 
to be virulent in from 44 to 71 days. 
(29) Nosema apis is readily destroyed by carbolic acid, a 1 per cent 
aqueous solution destroying it in less than 10 minutes. 
(30) The time element which by the experiments is shown to be 
sufficient for the destruction of Nosema apis should be increased 
somewhat to insure their destruction in practical apiculture. 
(31) The prognosis in Nosema-disease varies markedly from excel- 
lent, in case of strong colonies with a comparatively small percentage 
of Ndsema-infected bees, to very grave, in case of weak ones with a 
high percentage of infected bees. 
(32) From a technical point of view the results here given must be 
considered as being approximate only. They are, however, in most 
instances sufficient for practical purposes. 
