NOSEMA-DISEASE. 
39 
In the experiments it was found that Nosema apis was destroyed 
in all instances in which the temperature of the honey reached or 
exceeded 140° F. (60° C), a temperature at which the germ is killed 
by heat (p. 30). Sufficient data, therefore, have not been obtained 
to warrant a definite conclusion regarding the time required for the 
Fig. 7. — Petri dish. The top half is slightly raised, 
used here are 4 inches in diameter. 
Those 
direct sunlight to destroy Nosema apis suspended in honey. The 
results obtained from the experiments made in which aqueous sus- 
pensions were exposed to the sun give some idea as to the probable 
approximate time which would be required. 
PERIOD NOSEMA APIS REMAINS VIRULENT. 
PERIOD IN HONEY. 
In experiments made to determine the length of time Nosema apis 
remains virulent in honey a suspension of the parasite in honey was 
distributed in flasks, about one-half pint being poured into each flask. 
These were placed at room temperature and shielded from the light. 
After different intervals colonies were inoculated, the suspension 
from a single flask being used. The results obtained are included 
in Table XX. 
Table XX. — Period Nosema apis remains virulent in honey. 
Date of inoculation. 
Period in honey. 
Results of inoculation. 
Oct. 20, 1914. 
Feb. 4, 1915.. 
Feb. 24, 1915. 
Feb. 4, 1915.. 
Jan. 16, 1915. 
July 14, 1915. 
July 23, 1915. 
Oct. 21. 1915. 
June 11, 1915 
Sept. 3, 1915. 
June 24, 1915, 
Oct. 21, 1915. 
July 24, 1916. 
Aug. 14, 1913 
May 1,1915.. 
June 9, 1914. 
Apr. 27, 1915. 
May 5, 1914. . 
July 26, 1916. 
Months. 
12 
Days. 
Nosema infection produced. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
No infection produced. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
