NOSEMA-DISEASE. 23 
in general to those employed and described in the sacbrood studies. 
It should be stated in addition that no watering place for the bees 
was provided at the time of these experiments and none with sluggish 
water was near by. 
The results of an experiment usually can be determined during the 
second week following the inoculation. The diagnosis is made as 
described later in the present paper (p. 48). Usually one examina- 
tion of 10 bees is sufficient for the determination of results. It is 
advisable sometimes, however, to make others. 
As a rule experimental colonies inoculated during the summer 
recover from the infection and can be used again. The period which 
must elapse, however, before they can be used for a second experiment 
varies. An examination of the field bees should show no infection 
among them or only an occasional infected bee before another inocu- 
lation is made. A colony used in the laboratory is good for one 
inoculation only if by it Nosema-disease is produced. Should the 
results be negative following an inoculation, however, the colony may 
be used in a subsequent experiment. 
It is not necessary to disinfect a hive which has housed a Nosema- 
infected colony. The experimental colony may or may not have a 
queen. If one is present no concern need be felt in regard to whether 
or not she is infected. No fear need be entertained that drones from 
infected colonies in the apiary will transmit the infection to the 
experimental colony. 
EFFECT OF NOSEMA INFECTION ON THE COLONY AND ON THE APIARY. 
To determine the effect which Nosema infection in a colony pro- 
duces on the colony, and on the apiary of which the colony is a part, 
is a problem in the study of Nosema disease which is of vital interest 
to the beekeeper. Some observations have been made bearing 
directly upon this point. 
EXPERIMENT NO. 1. 
On September 13, 14, 15, and 18 ten colonies were fed a sirup 
suspension of the crushed intestines of Nosema-infected bees. These 
colonies (Table II, Nos. 6<z, 12, 25, 35, 41, 55, 65, 66, 67, and 70) were 
in the apiary mentioned on page 13. Those selected for inoculation 
were not especially strong, the bees being easily accommodated on 
six or seven brood frames and being about an average for the apiary. 
Examinations show that about 10 per cent of the pollen-carrying 
bees of these colonies were Nosema infected at the time of the 
inoculation. The 32 uninoculated colonies in the apiary served as 
checks. 
It will be seen from Table II that after inoculation 50 to 100 per 
cent of the pollen-carrying bees in the inoculated colonies were 
Nosema infected. Out of the 100 bees examined from these colonies 
