26 BULLETIN 97*7, U. S. DEPAKOIEXT OF AGEICrLTE/EE. 
will reach across the car from one side to the other and four of the 
bales one on top of the other, flat sides together, will reach to the 
top of the car. One tier of the large bales will, therefore, gen- 
erally contain about eight bales. It is sometimes possible to place 
one row of bales on end and thus get an extra bale into the tier. 
From 10 to 14 tiers can be loaded into the car. depending upon the 
length of the car. so that a carload of five-wire bales will contain 
from 90 to 125 bales. 
Except when shipping new hay loaded very loosely, there should 
not be much difficulty in loading cars up to the minimum weight re- 
quired. In sections where hay is baled with power presses, very 
little trouble is experienced in loading a car to its minimum weight. 
In the prairie-hay section hay baled from the windrow with horse- 
presses, for shipment to the South, often does not weigh more than 
70 pounds to the bale. This type of bale makes it difficult to load, 
cars to the minimum weight, especially in some of the smaller, older 
types of equipment. 
LOADING NEW HAY. 
In shipping new hay the bales should be loaded more loosely than 
old hay. When new hay is crowded close together (in the bale) 
it prevents the circulation of the air and heating is likely to occur. 
It has been found that if bales are loaded on end and allowed to 
remain a slight distance apart, they will tend to dry out while in 
transit and will therefore not heat too much, unless the hay has 
been very inadequately cured. 
The length of time hay will be in transit should always be taken 
into consideration when loading new hay. If the haul is com- 
paratively short it is not necessary to allow for circulation between 
the bales. Hay that will probably be in transit more than a few 
days should be loaded so as to prevent heating as much as possible. 
It often happens that hay baled from the windrow, swath, or cock, 
is apparently cool when loaded, but arrives ** hot " in the market. 
In some such instances shippers question the statement of the receiver 
when he reports that the hay has arrived " hot." It is much better 
to hold newly baled hay in storage for a few weeks so that it will 
cure thoroughly than* to run the risk of its heating and spoiling in 
transit. 
LOADING CABS UNIFORMLY. 
The uneven loading of cars is a practice that is constantly causing 
a great deal of trouble in the hay industry in many parts of the 
country. The trouble is caused by the fact that shippers fail to 
invoice cars properly when they are not loaded uniformly. This 
omission has at least two causes: (1) The shipper is not aware of 
