MARKETING HAY AT COUNTRY POINTS. 
25 
the shipper is forced to store the hay and often must sell it at a loss 
because of a decline in the market before he can make a sale or obtain 
cars for reshipment. Tn other words, under certain conditions he is 
forced to become a speculator in hay and generally he will pay a price 
which will protect him against all possible risks. 
METHODS OF LOADING CARS. 
Many cars are improperly loaded, the bales not being so placed as 
to utilize all of the space. A visit to any terminal market that re- 
ceives hay loaded by producers will reveal a surprisingly large num- 
ber of cars improperly loaded. 
Fig 
Grading platform and conveyoi 
When loading bales 14 by 18, 16 by 18, or 17 by 22 inches the hay 
should be loaded in tiers across the end of the car. Either four or 
five tiers can be loaded in each end of the car, depending upon its 
length. Usually four tiers are loaded into each end of a 34 or 36 foot 
car. Five tiers can be loaded into each end of a 40- foot car. Bales 
should be loaded flat, i. e., with the wires down, or on edge, or part 
flat and part on edge in the tiers. They are placed flat or on edge as 
is necessary just to fill the space. Usually five or six bales can be 
placed in each roAv of the tier. In an ordinary 36-foot box car, which 
is about 8 feet high and 8 feet wide, 36 of the 14 by 16 bales can be 
loaded or about 30 of the 16 by 18, or 25 of the IT by 22 bales. The 
doorway of the car will hold about as many bales as the two tiers, 
usually 6 to 10 bales more. The average 36-foot car will therefore 
hold from about 250* of the larger bales to 350 of the smaller bales. 
The large five-wire bales should be loaded differently from the 
sizes just mentioned. Usually two of the large bales laid end to end 
