BULLETIN" 381, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table 6. — Distribution of types of surfaced roads, 1914. 
Types. 
States. 
Mac- 
adam. 
Bitumi- 
nous 
mac- 
adam. 
Gravel. 
Sand 
clay. 
Shell. 
Brick. 
Con- 
crete. 
Miscel- 
laneous. 
Total. 
431.00 
362. 50 
161.50 
829.16 
234.00 
10,628.00 
31.00 
4.00 
35.50 
42.80 
87.00 
59.03 
2,589.50 
535. 00 
21.00 
42.50 
1.073.00 
1, 713. 50 
430. 00 
243. 95 
1,281.10 
529.00 
6.90 
85.00 
2, 788. 00 
5,258.98 
822. 09 
20.50 
1,916.00 
175. 00 
20.00 
1.00 
21.00 
4,988.50 
1, 097. 50 
243. 50 
25.50 
362. 77 
45.00 
1,163.00 
10, 778. 00 
256.24 
1.72 
.25 
12.00 
.40 
2.50 
1 122. 00 
123.00 
2,830.47 
12, 342. 12 
Georgia 
Kentucky 
12,403.28 
2,067.62 
2, 489. 26 
1,448.00 
69.00 
604.25 
4,313.50 
105. 00 
3,101.00 
613.00 
3,490.48 
1,511.65 
107. 50 
455. 96 
114.00 
82.12 
Maryland 
488.70 
86.00 
1,111.00 
6.70 
27.50 
4,550.50 
511.00 
1, 177. 89 
771.92 
1,042.31 
29.50 
9.00 
3.00 
3.50 
148.00 
181. 00 
255. 77 
62.95 
189. 34 
14.00 
1.25 
Mississippi 
North Carolina . . . 
4.50 
40.00 
2,133.35 
6,003.75 
121.60 
Oklahoma 
53.50 
3,270.50 
.50 
2.00 
11.25 
8, 102. 00 
10, 526. 79 
Texas 
740. 45 
333.63 
2 142. 17 
3 70. 00 
Virginia 
3,909.57 
West Virginia 
121.10 
18.50 
1,064.97 
Total 
Per cent of total 
surfaced 
21,377.37 
29.05 
1,994.36 
2.71 
17,440.02 
23.70 
29, 287. 88 
39.80 
1,924.68 
2.61 
379-. 81 
.51 
273. 24 
.37 
917.42 
1.25 
73,594.78 
100.00 
Principally sand asphalt. 
2 Principally shell. 
Shale. 
Detailed information regarding sources and amounts of revenues, 
bonds issued and outstanding, total mileage of roads, mileage sur- 
faced, systems of administration, and other factors affecting road 
improvement is presented in the following chapters for the South- 
ern States. 
ALABAMA. 
Alabama has a land area of 51,279 square miles, a total road mile- 
age of 55,446, and a population, according to the 1910 Census, of 
2,138,093. The State has a population of 41.7 per square mile of 
area and 38.56 per mile of road, with 1.08 miles of road per square 
mile of area. Of the population in 1910, 82.7 per cent, or 1,767,662, 
was rural, thus indicating a rural population of 31.9 per mile of road. 
In 1911 the legislature enacted a law creating a State highway 
department, which is composed of a State highway eommission and 
a State highway engineer. The State highway commission consists 
of a professor of civil engineering from the Alabama Polytechnic 
Institute, the State geologist, and three other members appointed 
by the governor. 
The State highway engineer is elected by the State highway com- 
mission and holds office subject to the pleasure of the commission. 
The State highway engineer, with the consent and advice of the 
State highway commission, may employ such assistant engineers 
and clerical help as may be necessary. He is vested with authority 
to determine the character and have general supervision of the con- 
struction and repair of all State-aid roads, and may be consulted by 
