YIELDS FEOM DISTILLATION OF CERTAIN HARDWOODS. 
weight is therefore assumed to be the same for all forms, and the 
yields per cord computed on this basis. 
For comparison with commercial conditions it is better also to 
express the yields per cord in terms of commercial products, and so 
they are computed as 82 per cent crude wood alcohol and 80 per cent 
gray acetate of lime. 
YIELDS ON PERCENTAGE WEIGHT BASIS. 
ALCOHOL AND ACETIC ACID. 
VARIATION AMONG SPECIES. 
The average yields of total acetic acid and wood alcohol, expressed 
in percentages of the oven-dry weight of the material distilled, are 
shown in Table 2. 
Table 2. — Yields of alcohol and acetic acid in percentages of oven-dry weight of material 
distilled. 
YIELD OF WOOD ALCOHOL (100 PER CENT). 
Species. 
Locality. 
Heart- 
wood. 
Slab 
wood. 
Lum- 
ber. 
Mean 
heart- 
wood 
and 
slab 
wood. 
Aver- 
age 
lum- 
ber 
and 
heart- 
wood. 
Other forms. 
Beech 
Indiana. 
P.ct. 
1.95 
2.23 
1.45 
1.62 
1.94 
1.94 
1.76 
.90 
P.ct. 
1.79 
2.09 
1.55 
1.59 
1.91 
1.78 
1.73 
.87 
P.ct. 
2.04 
'"i.'67" 
'""i."59" 
"*2."08' 
1.51 

P.ct. 
1.87 
2.16 
1.50 
1.605 
1.93 
1.86 
1.75 
.89 
'"i.*33** 
1.39 
11.86 
P.ct. 
1.99 
""l.'bA 
"T.7Q 
""2. 08* 
1.43 
P.ct. 
(Bark 1.25 
\Sapwood... 1.97 
Do 
Birch 
Pennsylvania . . . 
Wisconsin 
Pennsylvania... 
Wisconsin 
Pennsylvania . . . 
Missouri 
New Jersey 
Indiana 
Do 
Maple 
Do 
Red gum 
Chestnut . . 
Hickory 
Bark 1.88 
Limbs 96 
White oak 
Do 
do 
Arkansas 
1.34 
1.33 
1.56 
1.33 
1.46 
1.86 
Tupelo 
Missouri 
Limbs il.64 
YIELD OF ACETIC ACID (10C 
PER 
3ENT). 
Beech 
Indiana . 
5.56 
5.77 
6.71 
6.19 
5.42 
5.66 
5.70 
5.50 
6.18 
6.21 
6.88 
6.10 
5.11 
5.44 
5.23 
5.26 
5.78 
"'6.' 62' 
""5." 58* 
........ 
5.05 
4.84 
5.87 
5.99 
6.80 
6.15 
5.24 
5.55 
5.46 
5.38 
"i. 87" 
4.29 
5.19 
5.65 
"'6.68' 
fBark 
\Sapwood. . 
Bark 
Limbs 
Limbs 
. 2.98 
Do 
Birch 
Do 
Pennsylvania... 
Wisconsin 
Pennsylvania . . . 
Wisconsin 
Pennsylvania... 
Missouri 
New Jersey 
Indiana 
. 6.67 
Maple 
Do 
Red gum 
Chestnut 
Hickory 
White oak 
Do 
Tupelo 
5.49 
5.05 
4.78 
. 3.15 
. 6.42 
do 
Arkansas 
Missouri 
4.97 
4.23 
4.49 
4.77 
4.35 
5.19 
15.64 
1 Heartwood not included in average, since only one distillation was made on this material. 
The yields of alcohol and acetic acid vary a great deal among the 
different species, more so for alcohol than for acetic acid. A given 
species may rank high in its yield of alcohol but low in its yield of 
acid. Thus chestnut, which gives the lowest yield of alcohol, is 
among the highest in yield of acid; and hickory, which is among 
the highest in alcohol yield, is among the lowest in acid yield. 
