10 BULLETIN 213, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL AND THE SHIFTING-TENANT PROBLEM. 
Farmers are recruited from two sources, from the sons of farmers 
and the sons of agricultural laborers. In going over the original 
census schedules of 1910 for farmers of lowa County, Wis., this 
rather mteresting fact developed, that where the tenant and land- . 
lord had the same name the tenant had been on the farm that he 
was on the day the census was taken for a much longer period than | 
where their names were different. It was found that 31 per cent 
of the cash tenants who were related to the owner had been tenants 
on the farms which they were on, at the census date, for two years 
or less, while the per cent for those where no relationship existed 
was 65. For share tenants the figures were 50 and 80 per cent 
respectively. In other words, where there is relationship there is 
less of the shifting-tenant problem than where relationship does not 
exist. From other records it was learned that of the total years 
a man had been a tenant, he had been a tenant on the farm where 
he was at the time the records were taken 76 per cent of the total time 
when kinship existed and 50 per cent when there was no relationship. 
The returns also indicated that where relationship existed 33 per 
cent had attended high school, but where there was no relationship 
only 18 per cent had attended high school. In other words, if 
through the school the farmer could be made to take an interest in 
the agricultural training of the boy and they could be established in a 
partnership relation, the shifting-tenant problem would be partially 
solved. 
EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. 
It should be remembered in all vocational traming that the boy or 
girl is always of greater importance than the subject taught. Much 
is said in these days in regard to the superiority of European agricul- 
ture compared with that of the United States. If Germany is 
taken as an example and the yields per acre compared with those of 
the United States, it would appear that Germany is 50 per cent more 
efficient than the United States. But the average German agri- 
cultural laborer cultivates but 775 acres, whereas the average agri- 
cultural laborer in the United: States cultivates over 27 acres and 
produces two and one-half times as much as the German laborer, 
measured by the crops obtained. 
According to G. F. Warren the four principal factors in efficient 
farming are the size of the business, diversity of crops, crop yields, 
and production per animal. A large production per acre may not 
indicate that the farm is being used to the greatest advantage. It 
was important to determine whether the agricultural instructors were 
considering this in marking their pupils. Consequently they were 
asked what standard they had adopted in giving the boy a passing 
