THE TOXICITY TO FUNGI OF VARIOUS OILS AND SALTS. 29 
The three lower boiling fractions of coal-tar creosote are highly 
toxic, exceeding the creosote itself. Fraction IV is only about one- 
sixth as toxic as creosote. Fraction V, consisting of the last heavy 
residues, of which only 10 per cent distills below 320° C, is extremely 
low in toxicity, with a killing concentration of about 33 per cent. 
Wood creosote, derived from the destructive distillation of Douglas 
fir, compares very favorably with coal-tar creosote, notwithstanding 
its water content of over 8 per cent. 
Hardwood tar shows moderate antiseptic properties, proving about 
one-half as toxic as the softwood creosote. 
The two carbolineums are much less toxic than the creosotes tested. 
Water-gas tar distillate of low specific gravity appears to be slightly 
less toxic than coal-tar creosote, while the heavier distillate, repre- 
sented by United Gas Improvement Co. 1.07 oil, is so low in toxic 
properties as to appear to be of little value in wood preservation. 
The secret product None-Such Special appears to be more nutrient 
than antiseptic to fungi, so far as these tests indicate; however, the 
physical properties of the substance when injected into wood may be 
such as to exclude fungous growth and thus to substantiate the 
claims made for it. Durability tests on treated wood are highly 
desired. 
Zinc chlorid has a killing point almost identical with coal-tar 
creosote. 
Table II also shows that of 14 preservatives tested against Fomes 
pinicola 8 totally inhibit growth below 0.5 per cent, 2 between 0.5 and 
1 per cent, 1 at about 7.8 per cent, and the remaining 3 require over 
40 per cent. 
Sodium fluorid and coal-tar creosote Fractions II, III, and IV are 
all extremely toxic to this fungus, the killing points being almost 
identical. 
Coal-tar creosote Fraction I and wood creosote are about three- 
fourths as toxic as the above; Avenarius carbolineum is about one- 
half as toxic. 
Zinc chlorid in the Fomes pinicola list stands only tenth in efficiency, 
whereas in the F. annosus list it stands in fifth place. 
The last four preservatives show very low antiseptic properties 
toward Fomes pinicola, as they did toward F. annosus. 
By comparing the behavior of the two fungi toward the same 
chemical substances a marked difference will be observed. With the 
exception of zinc chlorid and copperized oil, Fomes annosus is a far 
more resistant organism than F. pinicola, the ratio running as high 
as 26 to 1 in the case of Fraction IV of coal-tar creosote. 
It has often been noted during the course of the experiments that 
Fomes annosus, after a considerable lapse of time, can accommodate 
itself to rather high concentrations of certain preservatives. Its 
