UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LODGEPOLE PINE. 7 
Two factors operate against lodgepole pine as a substitute for cedar 
poles. The first is its greater hardness, which makes climbing more 
difficult for the lineman; the second is its greater weight — approxi- 
mately 30 per cent after 3 months' seasoning — which means a higher 
freight rate for poles of the same size. Lodgepole pine, however, 
grows much farther east than cedar, and so should really have the 
advantage in freight rate for a considerable distance into middle 
western markets. Treated lodgepole pine poles, furthermore, do not 
need to be as large in circumference at the ground as cedar poles, for 
the latter must be large enough in the first place to bear the load after 
the sapwood and part of the heartwood have decayed. For this 
reason the shipping weight of treated lodgepole pine poles should be 
close to that of cedar when the same strength is required. 
From present indications it seems likely that lodgepole pine will to 
a large extent replace cedar as a pole material in many parts of the 
West within the next few years. 
PAPER PULP. 
Lodgepole pine yields a ground-wood pulp of good quality, suitable 
for the manufacture of news-print paper. It can also be made into 
pulp by the sulphite process. 
The National Forests contain many large bodies of lodgepole pine 
timber conveniently located with reference to undeveloped water 
power. No doubt the manufacturer of news-print paper will stick to 
white spruce for his raw material as long as any can be obtained 
either in this country or in Canada, but the lodgepole pine of the 
National Forests offers an immediate opening to manufacturers of 
other ground-wood products who have not an abundance of raw 
material and cheap power at their present locations. The rapid 
growth of the pulp-board industry during the last few years, for 
example, has created a demand for a suitable and inexpensive wood 
which lodgepole could well supply. 
FUEL AND CHARCOAL. 
A considerable amount of lodgepole pine is used locally for fuel. 
At one time large quantities were made into charcoal, but the industry 
has fallen away since the introduction of coke. From 15,000 to 20,000 
bushels are still produced annually, however, in the vicinity of 
Bernice, Mont. 
FIRE-KILLED TIMBER. 
Lodgepole-pine timber killed by either fire or insects deteriorates 
very slowly as long as it remains standing. Dead trees may stand 
for 20 or 30 years, and even after falling to the ground will not decay 
quickly unless in direct contact with the soil. Finally, however, the 
interior of the stem gives way to red rot, leaving the sapwood as a 
