s 
BULLETIN 234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
hard shell on the outside. The principal damage to -standing dead 
timber comes from checking, which impairs its value for saw purposes, 
but not for mine timbers and poles. In one stand of lodgepole pine 
on the Beartooth National Forest, Mont., where the timber was killed 
by fire in 1893, a sawmill is now at work cutting rough lumber for 
local use. 
SIZE AND CONTENTS OF VARIOUS PRODUCTS. 
Table 5 gives the sizes of the various lodgepole-pine products and the 
contents of the average pieces of each class in cubic feet and board 
feet. Material under 6 inches in diameter has been converted from 
cubic feet to board feet bv using the factor 4. 
Table 
. — Sizes and contents of various products of lodgepole pine. 
Product. 
Dimension?. 
Cubic 
feet 
equiv- 
alent.! 
Board 
feet 
equiv- 
alent. 
Number 
of pieces 
per 1,000 
board 
feet. 
Fuel 
Ties (pole ties) '- 
Telephone poles 
Derrick poles 
Converter poles 
Fence poles 
Fence posts, round 
Fence stays 
Do 
Lagging, round. ' 
Mine props 
Round material, cubic feet, average log. 
Do 
Do 
Round material, linear feet 
Do 
Do 
Do 
x4'xS' 
to 8", 8" to 10" face, 8' long ?. 
to 6" x 22" 3 
x30' 
to4"x24' 
'xl6' 
to6"x 7' 
x6' 
x6' ' 
'xl6' 
xl4 
to 16' 
to 16' 
'to 16' 
xl' 
xl' 
xl' 
xl'.., 
42 
1 
2.7 
4.3 
7.1 
25.2 
.545 
330 
30 
24 
60 
12 
4 
2 
4 
11 
20 
30 
160 
2.5 
3.5 
33 
42 
17 
83 
250 
167 
2,000 
500 
250 
91 
50 
33 
1 Cubic "foot equivalent is taken from Table I, Graves's Forest Mensuration, p. 107. 
2 These are Union Pacific- specifications, but they are not always rigidly enforced. Ties fulfilling speci- 
fications would scale about 37 board feet each. Actual scale of ties in several places shows average contents 
to vary from 22.5 to 37 board feet. An average of 30 board feet per tie for the region is reasonable. 
3 This size used locally by ranchers. 
