10 
BULLETIN 234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table 7. — Approximate total cut of lodgepole pine by States for year ending June SO, 
1913. 
[The figures include the cut from private as well as from National Forest lands.] 
State. 
Total 
cut of 
lodge- 
pole 
pine. 
Mine 
tim- 
bers. 
Saw 
timber. 
Cord- 
wood. 
Rail- 
road 
ties. 
Fenc- 
ing. 
Mis- 
cella- 
neous. 
Montana 
Colorado 
Wyoming 
Utah 
Idaho 
Oregon 
Washington 
California 
Total 
Total cut from private lands 
Per cent from private lands. 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
30, 497 
15,680 
14,523 
10, 753 
6,880 
1,916 
1,765 
236 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
14,632 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
2,805 
5,881 
7,646 
1,808 
1,273 
64 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
8,554 
387 
1,246 
90 
2,624 
1,048 
1,582 
120 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
108 
4,483 
1,622 
6,842 
494 
222 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
4,083 
125 
697 
58 
1,349 
498 
182 
82,250 
24, 
15,651 
13,771 
6,992 
18,725 
22.8 
3,804 
15.4 
4,815 
24.6 
304 
1.9 
115 
1.6 
1,000 
bd.ft. 
315 
67 
973 
41 
1 
30 
1,503 
25 
1.7 
METHODS OF LUMBERING. 
Lodgepole-pine stands are logged with horses, steam logging being 
impracticable because of the small size of the timber and the small 
stand per acre. The ordinary lumbering operation may be divided 
into four parts: (1) Felling the trees and cutting them into logs ; ties, 
mine timbers, and other products; (2) skidding the material to haul- 
ing roads and hauling on wagons or sleds to a flume, river, chute, or 
railroad, and, in some cases, direct to the mill; (3) fluming, driving, 
or railroading the material to the mill or market; and (4) milling. 
Cutting and skidding are done mainly in the summer and fall and 
driving and fluming in the spring. Kailroad hauling may of course 
be carried on at any season. The exact methods adopted for each 
part of the lumbering operation differ with local conditions and the 
class of material handled. 
FELLING AND CUTTING. 
Saw logs are cut in the usual manner by a two-man crew that fells 
the tree, trims the branches, and cuts the stem into log lengths. In 
average timber such a crew will cut from 4,500 to 5,000 board feet, 
log scale, per day. 
Tie trees — that is, trees from 11 to 15 inches in diameter, breast- 
high — are felled and hewed into ties by one man, who uses a single 
crosscut saw for felling and a broadax for hewing. The trees are 
marked into 8-foot lengths and hewed along two parallel faces to the 
proper dimensions. The bark is then peeled from the upper side, and 
the portion of the tree suitable for ties is cut up into the proper lengths. 
If the tree is a large one the tie cutter ordinarily cuts one saw log 
from the butt, while the top portion is left in the round and utilized 
for mine timbers. On the basis of figures for 15 trees, averaging 12.1 
