UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LODGEPOLE PINE. 
21 
Per cord of 
wood. 
Per bushel of 
charcoal. 
Stumpage 
Cutting and burning: 
Grading 
Cutting 
Hauling 
Covering 
Burning 
Hauling to railroad 
Loading on cars 
Freight, Bernice to Helena 
Total 
Price received at Helena 
$0.50 
$0.17 
.90 
.45 
.56 
1.12 
3.20 
1.20 
.05 
.81 
5.76 
6.00 
$0.0125 
.10. 0043 
.0225 
.0112 
.0140 
.0800 
.0300 
.0012 
.0202 
.1439 
.1500 
MANAGEMENT. 
OBJECTS. 
The two main objects to keep in mind in the management of lodge- 
pole-pine forests are (1) watershed protection and (2) a maximum 
sustained yield of merchantable timber of the most desirable sizes. 
Its wide range and the fact that most of the stands are located at 
the higher elevations, where rainfall is greatest and the slopes steep, 
give lodgepole pine a peculiar importance in regulating the flow of 
streams which have their headwaters in the region. Even the Mis- 
sissippi receives a considerable part of its summer supply of water 
from some of these streams. Thus the value of lodgepole-pine forests 
for the conservation of water is probably as great as their value for 
timber production, especially when one considers their slow growth 
and relatively small yield. Nevertheless, lodgepole pine is an im- 
portant timber tree, and every effort should be made to produce the 
greatest possible amount of merchantable timber consistent with the 
maintenance of an adequate forest cover on the watersheds. Many 
classes of material produced by lodgepole-pine stands, from small 
poles to the largest timber, can now be marketed, though the demand 
for each class is not proportionate to the supply. Small stulls, mine 
props, lagging, converter poles, fence poles, and cordwood, for ex- 
ample, are produced in far greater quantities than the market can 
absorb, while the demand for large stulls, ties, telephone poles, and 
saw timber is much greater in proportion to the available supply of 
this class of material. For this reason every effort should be made to 
produce large trees, 9 inches or more in diameter. There will inevi- 
tably be produced at the same time sufficient small timber to meet 
every demand. 
Throughout most of the lodgepole-pine belt the species should be 
perpetuated on areas now occupied by it. Exceptions to this rule, 
however, should be made at the lower and upper edges of the belt, 
where other species are better suited to the conditions. Thus at the 
lower elevations the stand should be allowed to revert to Douglas fir 
and at the upper to Engelmann spruce. Between these two ex- 
tremes, however, lodgepole pine should be favored against these and 
such other species as may occur in mixture with it. 
