UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LODGEPOLE PINE. 
41 
same time. The wings are removed and the seed cleaned by machin- 
ery. All the plants are located in extensive longepole-pine forests, 
where a large supply of cheap cones is constantly available. 
The cost of extraction varies with the quantity of seed handled, 
the abundance of the cone crop, and the efficiency of the methods 
used. In 1911 the total cost of cleaned seed on the Arapaho and 
Medicine Bow National Forests, the two Forests which handle the 
largest amounts, was $1.98 and $2.28 per pound, respectively, against 
$3.82 and $4.27 per pound, respectively, in 1910. In 1912 the cost 
of cleaned seed on these Forests amounted, respectively, to $1.80 and 
$2 per pound. In the three States of Colorado, Wyoming, and Mon- 
tana 2,560 pounds of lodgepole-pine seed were cleaned in 1910, at an 
average cost of $4.94 per pound, and 3,350 pounds in 1911, at an 
average cost of $2.76 per pound. This decrease in average cost was 
due largely to the concentration of the collecting work in a few places. 
With improved methods of collecting, extracting, and cleaning lodge- 
pole-pine seed can probably be obtained in the future for less than 
$2 per pound. 
Table 20. — Results of germination tests on lodgepole-pine seed collected from National 
Forests in the Rocky Mountains. 
Germination. 
Real 
value 
(number 
of fertile 
seed per 
pound). 1 
National Forest. 
Germination. 
Real 
value 
National Forest. 
Number 
of days. 
Per cent. 
Number 
of days. 
Per cent. 
(number 
of fertile 
seed per 
pound). 1 
Collected 1910: 
Holy Cross 
Gunnison 
Leadville 
Shoshone 
Arapaho 
94 
90 
90 
89 
86 
44 
25 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
80.5 
71.5 
76.5 
78.0 
67.0 
33.5 
65.0 
74.6 
36.8 
82.2 
24.6 
43.8 
76.6 
66.6 
24.2 
68.8 
98, 700 
65,000 
81, 700 
68, 000 
65, 700 
33, 100 
51,522 
66, 793 
17,644 
49, 887 
21,981 
43, 536 
71,661 
63,404 
23,355 
56, 485 
Collected 1911— Con. 
Shoshone 
Collected 1912: 
Wyoming 
Arapaho 
27 
27 
43 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
31 
55.2 
48.6 
23.5 
61.4 
52.0 
55.2 
55.4 
52.8 
65.6 
58.4 
61.0 
67.4 
71.6 
59.2 
58,0 
50,849 
41,030 
16,920 
63,920 
46, 040 
55,970 
57, 759 
59, 084 
68,100 
61, 600 
66,200 
67, 150 
67,200 
54,560 
47,250 
Collected 1911: 
Wyoming 
Arapaho 
Hayden 
Leadville 
Medicine Bow. 
Routt 
Leadville 
Medicine Bow. 
1 Obtained by multiplying the total number of seed per pound by the germination per cent. 
Lodgepole-pine seed collected in different localities, under different 
conditions, shows wide variation in its capacity to germinate, as 
shown in Table 19. For this reason every lot of seed before being 
used in the field or in the nursery should be tested to determine the 
number of fertile seed per pound. The seed collected in 1911 was 
tested only for a period of 27 days, since experiments had shown that 
by far the greater amount of germination occurred within this time. 1 
1 The germination per cent obtained from a limited test of this sort is often called "germination energy/ ' 
as distinguished from "germinative capacity," the latter being the germination per cent secured when the 
test is allowed to run for a much longer period. 
