6 BULLETIN 1240. U. S. DEPABTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
SYMPTOMS IX CATTLE. 
As only two head of cattle were made sick, no final conclusions can 
be drawn as to the effect on these animals as compared with sheep. 
Neither of these animals was salivated or nauseated. Both exhib- 
ited weakness, one of them being unable to rise. Both had a lowered 
temperature and one labored breathing. 
Plate II, Figure 2, shows cattle 900 when this animal was exhibiting 
extreme weakness. 
SYMPTOMS IX SWINE. 
The only symptom exhibited by swine was vomiting. In this con- 
nection it is a matter of interest that many authors state that swine 
are not poisoned by Zygadenus. If this is true, it may be inferred that 
these animals do not suffer from the plant because its emetic action 
disposes of the material so completely that no further symptoms 
appear. These experiments, however, do not positively confirm this, 
for these pigs ate only very small quantities, and the vomiting oc- 
curred in one case 1 hour and 10 minutes after the feeding, in another 
2 hours and 40 minutes, and in the third case at some time after 4 
hours and 12 minutes. While it seems probable that the vomiting 
prevents serious poisoning, it may be possible that if the animals had 
eaten larger quantities, enough might have been absorbed before vom- 
iting to produce other symptoms and possibly death. 
DISTIXCTIVE SYMPTOMS. 
The outstanding symptoms, then, are salivation, nausea accom- 
panied with vomiting, low temperature, irregular pulse, and muscular 
weakness. These, with the exception of the low temperature, are the 
symptoms common to all the species of Zygadenus, as shown in De- 
partment Bulletins 125 and 1012. With Z. gramineuf, as shown in 
Department Bulletin 125, there was a high pulse and respiration rate 
in very sick animals. This was not observed in the Z. elegans and 
Z. venenosus cases and was observed in only one of the Z. paniculatvs 
cases. This is explained by the fact that Z. gram hie us produces much 
more acute and serious cases of poisoning than the other species, 
although the toxic doses of Z. gramineus and Z. venenosus are practi- 
cally the same. 
DURATION OF SYMPTOMS. 
Table 2 shows the time between the first and last symptoms noted. 
As in the similar tables in Department Bulletin 1012, doubtless the 
actual time would be somewhat longer, as, owin^ to the fact that 
observations were not made continuously, sickness in many cases was 
present before the first observation was made and continued after the 
time of the last note. 
