8 BULLETIN" 134, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
this article Prof. Inzenga simply states that a ''small worm" was 
observed by Profs. Alfonso and Bonafede to breed in the orange, 
lemon, Indian fig, and other varieties of fruit. Prof. De Stefani, 1 of 
the Universitate di Palermo, questions, and rightly so, the authen- 
ticity of the statement, adding as proof that in all the writings of 
Profs. Alfonso and Bonafede no statement occurs to the effect that 
Ceratitis capitata breeds in lemons. Prof. De Stefani further calls 
attention to the fact that no entomologist (excepting the questionable 
case above) has ever observed Ceratitis to breed in lemons in Italy; 
and concluded with the statement that "It is excluded absolutely 
that Ceratitis capitata lives in the lemons in Sicily." (E. da excludersi 
assolutamente che la Ceratitis capitata viva nei lemoni di Sicilia.) 
Dr. G. Martelli, who has made careful studies on Ceratitis capitata, 
published an article entitled "La Mosca della arance non vive nei 
nostri limoni" (The orange fly does not breed in our lemons), in the 
Giornale di Agricoltura Meridionali, No. 9, Ann. V, 1913, Messina. 
In a paper read before the K. Scuola Superiore di Agricoltura at 
Portici in January, 1913, Dr. Martelli records experiments in at- 
tempting to transfer the eggs of Ceratitis into the lemons. These ex- 
periments all resulted negatively, and he concluded that the insect 
would nob live in lemons. 
During April and Ma}^ an extensive examination in all the sections 
of Sicily was made in the field, as well as in numerous field and ex- 
porters' packing houses, with the result that no evidence of infested 
lemons was found. This was the season when the heaviest shipments 
were being made to the United States, and it was felt that a thor- 
ough examination should be made at that time. But at that season 
no fruit-fly larvae appeared in any other fruit, and thus negative evi- 
dence under such circumstances would be of little value. Conse- 
quently it was proposed that the inspection be continued at a later 
and more favorable season, and this was at once agreed to by Mr. 
Marlatt, chairman of the Federal Horticultural Board. Accordingly 
the writer returned to the Island of Sicily, where he remained through- 
out August and September. 
As already intimated, there was abundant evidence of the presence 
of Ceratitis capitata in other fruits at that time. Field inspection 
was therefore resumed in the lemon groves of Sicily during the first- 
week in August, and during the second week there was found the 
first evidence of the breeding of Ceratitis capitata in lemons. (PL I, 
figs. 1, 3.) The infested lemons were large, overripe ones, with more 
or less decay, and were found on the ground. The total number 
found during the week was four, all taken in the same grove. Near 
by were many old ripe oranges severely infested with the fly. The 
week following 10 more infested lemons were found; most of these 
» Intorno ad Alcuni Insetti degli Agrumi del Prof. Teodosio De Stefani, Palermo., p. 6, 1913. 
