10 BULLETIN 134, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
in these operations, although not with entire success, to prevent 
infection from molds, which gave considerable trouble. In 12 experi- 
ments 163 larvae were transferred into lemons, and 108, or 66.2 
per cent, changed to pupae and emerged. The time spent in the 
lemons varied from 2 to 10 days, with an average maximum of 7.7 
days. 
The length of the larval period was determined as 10 to 11 days. 
On this basis the age of the larvae transferred varied from 1 or 2 to 
10 days. It will be noted that not all the larvae developed, 33.8 
per cent having died from one cause or another. The molds in the 
fruit were probably the chief factor in the mortality. The exuding 
juice drowned a good many that were emerging for pupation, others 
were dead in the fruit, and possibly some were injured in the transfer. 
Enough, however, emerged to show that the lemon is not an impos- 
sible food for the larvae of Ceratitis capitata. 
In each of 48 glass jars from 1 to 2 lemons were placed and 
from 6 to 22 flies liberated. These were fed with sweetened water, 
and lived from 3 to 26 days, the large majority, however, d} T ing 
after 6 or 7 days. No infested lemons resulted from these experi- 
ments and no punctures were found. Under the same conditions 
peaches, pears, and oranges became infested, but with these some 
of the experiments also resulted megatively. Apples in three jars 
were not infested. In only a few cases were flies seen in copulation, 
and it appeared that they were too closely confined and under too 
unnatural conditions for free breeding. 
In four large breeding boxes, where infested fruit was placed on 
the ground and the flies allowed to emerge, a total of 56 lemons in 
all stages of ripeness was placed. In 2 of these boxes the fruit 
was firs,t punctured with a needle or scalpel, and in the other 2 
the lemons were sound. Some of the lemons remained in these 
boxes for 6 weeks. Hundreds of flies emerged in each of the boxes. 
The lemons, when examined, were in various stages, many being de- 
cayed. No infested fruit was found, and no punctures of the fruit-fly 
were seen in any of the lemons. 
While these experiments were not, of course, extensive and ade- 
quate enough to establish any fact on negative evidence alone, they 
do show that oviposition in the lemon in Italy is not at all common. 
PUPATION. 
Ordinarily fruit-fly larvae go into the soil to the depth of about 
an inch, or otherwise seclude themselves for pupation; but this is 
not at all necessary, and pupation may occur anywhere in the open 
and direct light. The side of a packing box or any other container 
of fruit is thus suitable for the purpose, and the fruit-fly may be 
transported in this manner. 
