18 BULLETIN 134, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Craw was reared from scales on citrus trees, and those scales from 
which they emerged were positively identified, as was expected, as 
L. becJcii. The record, therefore, stands. Dr. Leonardi, of Portici, 
a specialist on the Ooccidse, stated that he had seen some evidence of 
a parasite on the purple scale, but he had not as yet studied it and did 
not know the species. When the entomologists of Italy know so little 
about the parasite, and when it was only very rarely found by the 
writer, it certainly can not be counted as very effective in checking 
the scale. The only other enemies of this scale seen in Sicily and 
Spain were coccinellid beetles, and while these are more effective than 
A* citrinus, they have not been seen in large numbers, and are not 
accountable for keeping the scale in check. 
Places have been seen in Sicily which were very free from the 
purple scale, but according to the growers the scale had been present 
there in considerable numbers several years ago, and disappeared. 
Because of the meager knowledge of scales and the confusion of names 
by most Sicilian growers, the foregoing may or may not be true. It 
is, however, altogether probable. (For a discussion of climatic influ- 
ences, see under Meteorological data, pp. 34-35.) 
THE LONG SCALE. 1 
Lepidosaphes glover ii Pack. 
DISTRIBUTION AND INJURY. 
The long scale, so far as observed by the writer, is limited to Spain. 
In that country it is particularly destructive in some sections. It is 
frequently associated, with the purple scale, as in the Valencia section. 
In some cases it was more abundant than the purple. Trees most 
injured by this scale were seen near Burriana. (PL V, fig. 1.) The 
long scale also occurs in Florida, from which place it was first described. 
It has been reported from two counties in California, though it has 
never spread and is of no consequence as a pest there. It is dis- 
tinguished from the purple scale in being much more slender, and the 
pygidial differences are also distinct. 
PARLATORIA ZIZYPHUS Lucas. 2 
DISTRIBUTION AND INJURY. 
Parlatoria zizypJius is the commonest of all the scales occurring on 
the lemon tree in Sicily. (PI. II, fig. 2; PI. Ill, fig. 5.) It is also 
found in most of the orange sections of Spain. (PI. Ill, Hg. 2.) In 
the Valencia section it was most abundant in the "Ribera" in the 
vicinity of Alcira. This scale ranges in abundance from a few scatter- 
ing scales to a heavy incrustation on the leaves, twigs, and fruit. It 
1 Spanish, Serpcta larga. 
i Italian common name, Pidocchio nero: Sicilian, Pidocchiu niuru: Spanish (Valenciana), Poll negre. 
