CITRUS FRUIT INSECTS IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES. 23 
RED SPIDERS. 
One species of red spider was seen in all the citrus sections of 
Spain and Italy. With a lew exceptions, however, the numbers 
were not sufficient to do any great injury. Over small areas, par- 
ticularly along the roadside where there was considerable dust on 
the trees, many of the leaves had the characteristic light-colored 
mitelike areas. Not infrequently, too, the lemons would be scarred 
around the depression formed by the nipple at the calyx end, this 
situation being the most favorable feeding place on the fruit. 
This species is identified by the Italian entomologists as Tetranyclius 
telarius. What we have been calling telarius in this country has 
recently been made synonymous with T. bimaculatus Harv. The 
habits of bimaculatus in the citrus belt of California are very different 
from those of telarius in Spain and Italy. Bimaculatus has been 
observed to infest severely other food plants growing in the midst 
of citrus trees, both in California and Florida, without attacking the 
citrus trees at all. Bimaculatus on beans, violets, and a long list of 
other plants, feeds generally over the entire surface. Telarius in 
Spain and Italy feeds in restricted areas precisely as does T. sex- 
maculatus Riley on citrus trees. But red forms of telarius are com- 
mon in Mediterranean countries, while hi California all that have 
been observed of sexmaculatus are pale colored. The writer is not, 
however, necessarily assuming that sexmaculatus and telarius are 
synonyms, though their feeding habits are similar. He is, however, 
of the opinion that, judging from their difference in feeding habits, 
our bimaculatus and the European telarius are not synonymous if the 
Mediterranean citrus species is properly identified as telarius. 
Another species which is flat and scalelike, probably a species of 
Tenuipalpus, was occasionally met with on citrus foliage in Sicily. 
THRIPS. 
A species of thrips, said to be Heliotliripsfasciatus Perg., occasionally 
does some injury to the orange as shown by the marred fruit. (PL 
IV, fig. 3.) But thrips scars on the fruit in Spain and Italy are 
rare, so that the insect is of little economic importance. Around 
Jaffa, however, a species of thrips sometimes does considerable 
injury, and spraying has been necessary. 
THE CONTROL OF CITRUS FRUIT INSECTS IN MEDITERRANEAN 
COUNTRIES. 
With the exception of a little fumigation in Spain for the control 
of Chrysomplialus dictyospermi, and limited spraying in Sicily for the 
same insect, practically no remedial measures are employed for the 
control of citrus fruit insects in the countries bordering on the Medi- 
terranean. This fact might be taken to mean that the pests there are 
