26 BULLETIN 134, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Tomasi, of the Station Chimico-Agraria Sperimentale di Roma, 
strongly -recommended the prohibition of arsenicals for general 
agricultural purposes. They conclude that their use is injurious to 
all sorts of plants and animals, but the most potent of their reasons 
is that the farmers, instead of poisoning their insect foes, might - 
destroy human life. In addition to these control measures practiced 
in Spain and Italy, a small amount of spraying has been done around 
Jaffa in Palestine for a species of thrips on the orange. From the 
little evidence of thrips work that was seen at Jaffa the species occur- 
ring there is not Euihrips citri, as was supposed. 
MEDITERRANEAN CITRUS FRUIT INSECTS THAT DO NOT OCCUR IN 
THE UNITED STATES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR INTRO- 
DUCTION. 
Of the citrus insects discussed in the foregoing pages, two do not 
occur in the United States, namely, Ceratitis capitata and Prays citri. 
Two others, Clirysomphalus dictyospermi and Parlatoria zizyphus, while 
occurring in the United States, do not appear to be established as 
important pests, as is the case in the Mediterranean region. Con- 
cerning the distribution of these two scales, Mr. C. L. Marlatt, under 
date of March 5, 1914, writes as follows: 
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi is frequently found on palms and quite a number of 
other plants which are probably imported, and has a wide distribution in greenhouses. 
Out of doors it does not seem to thrive very well on this continent, and I think we 
have very few outdoor records of it, and these naturally from southern points. It has 
been so often brought into this country that its failure to establish a foothold in citrus 
orchards apparently indicates unfavorable conditions for this insect, but it is, of course, 
possible that this may have resulted, after all, from lack of favorable opportunity. 
Parlatoria zizyphus, as you know, is brought to this country all the time on Italian 
lemons, and has been found in the open market wherever these lemons are sold, in- 
cluding well-established citrus districts such as those of Florida and Louisiana. 
In case these two scales did become established in our citrus groves 
our present control methods, at least fumigation, would handle them 
successfully. This fact, however, should be no exccuse for not quar- 
antining against them. On 'the other hand, the other two, Ceratitis 
capitata and Prays citri, would not only be serious pests but would 
not be controlled by any of our methods now in use for citrus trees. 
Ceratitis, moreover, is not limited as a pest to citrus fruits; indeed, 
citrus fruits are by no means its favorite food, but it attacks a long 
list of deciduous fruits. The scope of this paper has to do, however, 
chiefly with citrus fruits. 
The first shipments of oranges are made from Spain as early as 
October, and a few of the mature fruits at this time may contain 
larvse of Ceratitis. But with the approach of cold weather in Novem- 
ber and December the fly disappears. The time when infested fruits 
might be received from Spain is at the beginning of the shipping sea- 
