CITRUS FRUIT IXSECTS IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES. 31 
ments to the United States were of a few small shipments during the 
last two or three years from Seville. The use made of these ship- 
ments was not known, but was no doubt for the manufacture of 
marmalade, as is the case with all the bitter orange product of Seville. 
One hundred and fifty thousand cases are exported annually from 
Seville, mostly of the sour or bitter orange, and practically all are 
sent to Great Britain for the manufacture of marmalade. 
ITALY. 
LOCATION". 
The important citrus fruit areas of Italy are on the Island of Sicily, 
in the Provinces of Calabria and Campania, and along the Riviera 
di Ponente and the Riviera Levant e. 
The most extensive section, particularly for lemons, is in Sicily. 
The area extends along practically the entire north and east coasts. 
There are, of course, breaks in this strip, as where the mountains 
extend abruptly to the sea, or where grapes largely occupy the ter- 
ritory, as at Milazzo, Carruba, and Riposta, or on the plain south of 
Catania, where various other crops are grown. The limits of this 
area are the Gulf of Castellammare on the north and Avola, below 
Syracuse, on the east coast. Even within these limits lemons do not 
occur solidly because of the irregularity of the land, lack of water, 
and unsuitable soil. Most of the lemons are grown in close proximity 
to the coast, but occasionally they extend inward for several miles, 
as at Monreale, Alcantara, and Floridia. Occasionally citrus trees 
will be found in the interior valleys, but -here it is largely oranges, 
probably because of the greater likelihood of frost. 
In the Province of Calabria there is a considerable area of citrus 
fruit along the coast from Reggio to Rosarno and farther northward 
and inland at Cantanzaro and Cosenza. The Campania section is 
situated principally along the coast from Salerno through Majori and 
Amalfi to Positano. Here the trees are grown on terraces (PL IX, 
fig. 1), formed on the very abrupt slopes extending upward from the 
sea. Unlike other sections, also, the trees are covered with trellis, 
on which, during the winter for protection against frost and wind, 
is placed straw and brush. The Riviera section consists of a narrow 
and much broken strip extending from Ventimigha on the French 
border to Spezia. 
METHODS OF HANDLING CROP. 
Lemons in Sicily are harvested practically every month in the 
year, the heaviest shipments occurring in the spring and early summer, 
while the fewest shipments occur during the month of August. The 
number of pickings in any particular grove is from four to six. The 
lemons are broken from the tree by hand, leaving two or three inches 
