36 BULLETIN 1061, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
from the later sale of the timber. The progress of good roads is 
rapid, and it requires only a relatively short sight to anticipate the day 
when one's young pine will come into its own and have a very real 
value on the stump. With the higher prices that are being paid for 
all forest products, including lumber, crossties, poles, piling, fuel 
wood, paper pulpwood, and turpentine rights, the proper disposal 
of young timber is well worth looking after and should offer more 
than pay for the cutting. 
REFORESTATION. 
One often hears it said that the land will never come back to pine. 
To a great degree this statement has been justified, and it will be 
true so long as the prevailing practice continues and the prevailing 
sentiment maintains that the woods " just will burn and must burn." 
Getting young longleaf started, however, is not a serious problem. 
The bulk of the cut-over land has some seed-bearing trees ; through- 
out much of the South there is probably a sufficient number of seed 
trees. Contrary to the general belief, cut-over longleaf lands have 
at rather frequent intervals become well stocked with seedling 
stands, each in turn of relatively short duration, because of agencies 
mostly of man's making and mostly under his control. Fire and 
native hogs have been the undoing of young longleaf pine. Re- 
forestation thus becomes largely a matter of educating people as to 
the destructive nature of fire and hogs and as to methods of pro- 
viding the necessary protection. The reforestation of lands from 
which all longleaf trees capable of bearing seed have been removed 
involves the necessity of starting young growth by artificially sowing 
seed or by planting small seedlings. Both the natural and artificial 
methods will be briefly considered. 
f 
SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION. 
Longleaf trees bear seeds at intervals of two to four years. In 
stands some seed is borne almost every year. Apparently about every 
seven years heavy crops of seed are produced generally over the long- 
leaf belt. Such heavy seed years occurred in 1913 and 1920, and 
a fair crop was borne in 1916. Incidentally, the production of a 
heavy crop of seed is accompanied by a shrinkage in the flow of gum 
in turpentine operations. An experienced operator, in charge of 
one of the largest and most up-to-date turpentine plants in the 
South, estimated that the shrinkage of crude turpentine production 
in 1920, coincident with the maturing of the heavy seed crop, 
amounted to 10 to 15 per cent of the normal production. 
The seeds are relatively large, averaging about 7,500 to the pound, 
and rich in food materials. The seeds are provided with wings which 
