32 BULLETIN 1061, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
is made for the general benefit of such incorporation or company. (Section 3741, Revised Statutes and sec- 
tions 114-116, act of March 4, 1909.) 
21. The term " officer in charge," wherever used in this agreement, signifies the officer of the Forest Serv- 
ice who shall be designated by the proper Supervisor or by the District Forester to supervise the timber 
operations in this sale. 
22. This agreement will not be assigned in whole or in part. 
23. The conditions of the sale are completely set forth in this agreement, and none of its terms can be 
varied or modified except in writing by the Forest officer approving the agreement or his successor or 
superior officer, and in accordance with the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture. No other Forest 
officer has been or will be given authority for this purpose. 
24. And as a further guarantee of a faithful performance of the conditions of this agreement, we deliver 
herewith a bond in the sum of $1,000, and do further agree that all moneys paid under this agreement 
will, upon failure on our part to fulfill all and singular the conditions and requirements herein set forth, 
or made a part hereof, be retained by the United States to be applied as far as may be to the satisfaction 
of our obligations assumed hereunder. 
Signed in duplicate this first day of December, 192/. 
Witnesses: (Corporate seal, if corporation.) 
John Dor man. Elder and Johnson. 
Richard Rowley. By James F. Elder, 
A Member of Firm. 
Approved at Pensacola, Fla., under the above conditions, December 8, 1921. 
W. F. Hillyer, 
Forest Supervisor. 
USEFUL EQUIVALENTS IN TURPENTINING. 
A few equivalents and values in turpentining operations may be 
useful. They should be regarded only as approximate because of 
the variable nature of practically every stage of the industry. 
Although some of the factors refer only to mature timber, others 
seem to be equally applicable to second-growth trees, and all pertain 
to the industry as it is being carried on commercially. 
1. The yield per tree of crude gum for one season averages from 
about 8 to 12 pounds per working cup or face on old-growth trees of 
average size. Based upon the figures in a folloAving paragraph (4), 
the average yield per cup for a season is from 1 pint to 1 quart of 
turpentine and from 4 to 5 pounds of rosin. 
2. A crop of 10,000 cups under common practice will generally 
yield from 30 to 45 barrels of turpentine and from 92 to 130 barrels 
of rosin (500 pounds each), depending upon the favorableness of the 
season, the size and vigor of the trees, and the method of working. 
3. A gallon of spirits of turpentine weighs about 7J pounds, and 
a barrel of turpentine contains about 50 gallons. 
4. Crude gum or " dip " may be assumed to contain, in round figures, 
an average by weight of 20 per cent of turpentine, 15 per cent of 
water and trash, and 65 per cent of rosin. One barrel of average 
crude turpentine will yield about 10 to 12 gallons of spirits of tur- 
pentine. One hundred pounds of clean gum will yield about 2J 
gallons of turpentine and 83 pounds of rosin. 
5. The yield of both turpentine and rosin is notably increased by 
the use of the cup system as compared with the boxing method. The 
yield of turpentine for two similar crops under investigation for 
three years was 151 barrels by cupping, and by boxing 118 barrels 
