22 BULLETIN 1061, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
pared with stands of that age, it contained about the average amount 
of cordwood but double the average amount of saw-timber. The two 
25-year-old stands afford an interesting comparison, showing the 
effect of the tree density, or number of trees per acre. It will be 
noted that the first stand (2) contained over twice as many trees per 
acre as the second (3), and that, as a result, they are very much 
smaller — 29 feet in height as compared with 54 feet, and 4.2 inches 
in diameter as compared with 7.6 inches, about one-third as much 
cordwood, and only 700 board feet as compared with 6,980 feet of 
saAv-timber. The two 70-year-old stands (5) show very nearly the 
general average size of trees both in diameter and in height, and 
slightly less than the average amount of cordwood and saw-timber. 
PRODUCTION OF TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. 
The bulk of the turpentine and rosin produced in this country 
has been obtained from longleaf pine. 3 The average yearly pro- 
duction for the 6 years ending in 1919 has been estimated to range 
between 23,000,000 and 25,000,000 gallons of spirits of turpentine 
and between 700,000,000 and 820,000,000 pounds of rosin. The center 
of production has changed, gradually following the timber supplies 
from the Carolinas to Florida. The industry is extensive in Florida 
and is developing in Louisiana. Second-growth pine now furnishes 
most of the yield from South Carolina and Georgia, and smaller 
amounts from Florida and Alabama. 
YIELD OF SECOND-GROWTH STANDS. 
Young longleaf pine has been for many years worked for turpen- 
tine, and this is often its greatest and sometimes its onh T value. 
In this respect extensive abuse of young pine has come to be very 
general. As long ago as 1900 a considerable amount of the tur- 
pentine produced in South Carolina and coastal Georgia was de- 
rived from young stands of longleaf and slash pine. Since the 
common practice has been to work young stands heavily, let them 
burn freely, and make very little further use of them, the destruc- 
tion of young longleaf has taken place on an extensive scale. 
Obviously this in part explains the prevailing absence of second 
growth. 
Only a few preliminary studies have thus far been made in the 
amount of naval stores produced by second-growth longleaf pine. 
There is much need for accurate information in regard to the 
amount of gum yielded by trees of different sizes and ages and by 
entire stands or various ages and tree densities. 
Table 11 gives a rough approximation of the yields per crop and 
per acre of crude gum, turpentine, and rosin from the first year's 
'The remainder has come from working slash pine, a close associate of longleaf. (See 
Farmers' Bulletin L256, Slash Pine.) 
