LONGLEAF PINE. 
15 
Table 5. — Number of crossties that can be cut from longleaf pine trees of 
different diameters and' heights. 
[For detailed information by grades of ties, see Table 4.] 
Diame- 
ter of 
tree. 1 
Height of tree in feet. 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
90 
100 
Total number of ties per tree. 
Inches. 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
6 
8 
9 
10 
11 
2 
24 
25 
26 
26 
26 
8 
9 
10 
11 
11 
1 
2 
2 
2 
5 
6 
7 
7 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
8 
8 
10 
12 
13 
14 
15 
1 All diameters measured at breastheight, or 4i feet above the ground, and outside bark. 
* See Table 4, which shows the way the ties were worked up into ties of different grades. 
Large amounts of longleaf pine are used for pulpwoocl by the pulp 
and paper plants located in the range of the species (PI. V). Such 
plants are located at Roanoke Rapids, N. C, Savannah, Ga., Boga- 
lusa, La., Moss Point, Miss., and Orange, Tex. The sulphate process 
of manufacture is used, and a standard cord of air-dry longleaf pine, 
containing about 100 cubic feet of solid wood and weighing about 
4,200 pounds when air-dry, will produce about 1,600 pounds of dry 
pulp. The "green" weight of wood as ordinarily handled is vari- 
able, depending upon the weather and the time elapsed since the 
felling of the tree. The southern pine region offers a promising field 
for the future development of the paper business, particularly for 
the grade of " kraft," or heavy wrapping paper, for which the wood 
of the yellow pines is well adapted. Recent tests, however, made at 
the Forest Products Laboratory have shown the possibility, if proper 
cooking and bleaching processes are employed, of using the southern 
pines for the production of high-grade book and magazine paper. 
This kind of paper requires a long-fibered wood, such as that of the 
pines, and a short-fibered wood, such as that of the red gum. Cross- 
ties from farm timber lands constitute a product of much commer- 
cial value. Slack time during the cool season may often be profit- 
ably employed in getting out ties. In the winter of 1920~21 the 
cutting of crossties practically effected the financial salvation of 
many farmers in various portions of the South. Sap-pine ties, when 
treated, show good lasting qualities and are being used more and 
more as heart pine becomes scarcer and more valuable. As young 
timber grows, it requires more space for proper development, and 
the thinnings (see under " Cutting ") required in well -stocked stands, 
at intervals of very 5 to 10 years, may often be made to yield good 
money in crossties or pulpwood. 
