12 BULLETIN 1259, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 
44. Storage. ^11 material shall be stored in such manner as to pre- 
vent deterioration by rust or loss of minor parts. No 
material shall be piled so as to rest upon the ground or in 
water. All material must be placed on suitable skids or 
platforms. 
45. Preparation Column bascs, truss and girder pedestals and shoes 
of bearing area. qI^qII Iolslyg a full and uiuform bearing upon the sub- 
structure masonry. Masonry bearing plates shall not be 
placed upon the bridge seat areas of piers or abutments 
which are improperly finished, deformed, or irregular. 
The shoes and pedestals of truss and girder spans, the 
bases of columns, and the center and end bearings of 
swing spans shall be rigidly and permanently located to 
correct alignments and elevations. Unless otherwise 
provided they shall be placed on a layer of canvas and 
red lead applied as follows: 
Thoroughly swab the hot surface of the bridge seat 
bearing area with red-lead paint and place upon it three 
layers of 12 to 14 ounce duck, each layer being thorouglily 
swabbed on its top surface with red-lead paint. Place 
the superstructure shoes or pedestals in position while the 
paint is plastic. 
members °*^^^°^ '^^^ ^^^^ assembling of the component parts of a 
structure shall involve the use of methods and appliances 
not likely to produce injmy by twisting, bending, or 
otherwise deforming the metal. No member slightly 
bent or twisted shall be put in place until its defects are 
corrected, and members seriously damaged in handling 
shall be rejected. 
47. Alignment. Before beginning the field riveting the structure shall 
be adjusted to correct grade and alignment and the 
elevations of panel points (ends of floor beams) properly 
regulated. For truss spans a slight excess camber will be 
permitted while the bottom chords are being riveted, but 
the correct camber and relative elevations of panel points 
shall be secured before riveting the top-chord joints, top 
lateral system, and sway bracing. 
ingbentSS" '^^^ Straightening of bent edges of plates, angles, and 
other shapes shall be done by methods not likely to pro- 
duce fracture or other injury. The metal shall not be 
heated unless permitted by the engineer, in which case 
the heating shall not be to a higher temperature than that 
producing a dark cherry red color. After heating, the 
metal shall be cooled as slowly as possible. 
Follo^\'ing the completion of the straightening of a bend 
or buckle the surface of the metal shall be carefully in- 
spected for evidence of incipient or other fractures. 
andrivSf^^^'"^ All field conuections and splices shall be securely drift- 
pinned and bolted before riveting. Important connec- 
tions in trusses, girdere, floor system, etc., shall have at 
least 50 per cent of the holes filled. An ample number 
of driftpins shall be used to prevent sUpping at joints 
and splices. 
