MILLING AND BAKING EXPERIMENTS. 
65 
Defiance. - The Defiance variety was developed by Cyrus G. 
Pringle, of Charlotte, Vt., in 1871. It was first distributed in 1878. 
It apparently was not entirely purified before being distributed, but 
several selections have been made from the variety which have be- 
come commercially established. It is a spring wheat well adapted 
for growing under irrigation. It is awnless, with glabrous, white 
glumes, and semihard to hard kernels. Nearly 200,000 acres of 
Defiance, including selections from it, were grown in the United 
States in 1919. It is most important in Colorado, California, 
Oregon, and Idaho. It is best adapted to the coastal valleys of 
California and to irrigated land in Colorado. 
Xine samples of Defiance wheat have been milled and baked and 
the average data are shown in Table 60. Most of these samples 
are from commercial sources. The data show it to have a heavy 
test weight per bushel and a high yield of flour, but to average 
rather low in crude protein, water absorption, and loaf volume. 
In general, it is only slightly better than the average for the class. 
Dicklow. — The Dicklow wheat was selected from a field of Surprise 
or California Club in Utah Co., Utah, by Eichard Low. It was 
distributed in southern Idaho in 1912 and 1913, where it is now the 
most important spring wheat grown under irrigation. More than 
160,000 acres of Dicklow wheat were grown in 1919. It is a late- 
maturing spring wheat, with beardless heads which are quite 
clubbed at the tip. The kernels are somewhat flattened and soft. 
Those coming from the upper part of the spike much resemble club 
wheat. Dicklow is a high-yielding wheat on irrigated land in 
southern Idaho' and northern Utah, exceeded only by Federation. 
Thirty samples of the Dicklow variety have been milled and baked. 
Twenty- four of these samples can be directly compared with samples 
of Pacific Bluestem grown at experiment stations under the same 
conditions. This comparison is shown in Table 64. These samples 
were grown both on dry land and under irrigation, and represent 
the five crop years 1917 to 1921, inclusive. The data show the Dick- 
low variety to equal the Pacific Bluestem in the important milling 
factors and to exceed it significantly in loaf volume. Although a 
soft-kerneled wheat, the Dicklow variety is fairly well adapted for 
milling and bread making, ranking well with the other common 
white wheats. 
Table 64. — Summary of milling and baking data on 2J f samples of Dicklow and 
24 comparable samples of Pacific Bluestem grown during the five years from 
1911 to 1921, inclusive. 
Descriptive data. 
Dicklow. 
Pacific 
Bluestem. 
24 
24 
56.7 
58.9 
13. 3 
13. 3 
69.8 
69.6 
13.4 
14.5 
16.8 
15.9 
56.4 
56.3 
1,943 
1,824 
488 
492 
88.1 
87.0 
91.1 
89-0 
0.50 
0.50 
Percentage 
of Pacific 
Bluestem. 
Number of samples 
Test weight per bushel (mill-cleaned wheat) pounds. 
Crude protein content of wheat per cent. 
Yield of straight flour do. . . 
Yield of shorts do. . . 
Yield of bran do. . . 
Water absorption of flour do... 
Volume of loaf cubic centimeters. 
Weight of loaf grams. 
Texture of loaf score. 
Color of loaf J do. . . 
Ash in flour 2 per cent. 
96.3 
100.0 
100.3 
92.4 
105. 7 
100.2 
106.5 
99.2 
101 3 
102.4 
100-0 
i Average of 22 samples. 
53480°— 24 5 
2 Average of 18 samples 
