MILLING AND BAKING EXPERIMENTS. 69 
Table 68. — Summary of milling and baking data on 22 sample* of Hard Fed- 
eration and 22 comparable samples of Pacific Bluestcm grown during the four 
years from 1918 to 1921. inclusive. 
■~ ... , , Hard Pacific 
Descriptive data. Federation. Bluestem. 
Percentage 
of Pacific 
Bluestem. 
Number of samples 
Test weight per bushel (mill-cleaned wheat) pounds. . 
Crude protein of wheat per cent. . 
Yield of straight flour do 
Yield of shorts do 
Yield of bran do 
Water absorption of flour do 
Volume of loaf. cubic centimeters. . 
Weight of loaf ! grams . . 
Texture of loaf score. . 
Color of loaf do 
Ash in flour percent.. 
22 
22 
59.9 
58.3 | 
102. 7 
12.8 
12.7 ! 
100.8 
71.1 
68.5 
103. 8 
15.1 
13.0 i 
116.2 
13.8 
18.5 1 
74.6 
62.6 
56.7 ! 
110.4 
2,109 
1,848 i 
114.1 
507 
491 
103.3 
90.0 
86.7 
103. 8 
93.0 
87.2 ' 
106.7 
0.47 
0.50 
94.0 
Pacific Bluestem. — As previously stated. Pacific Bluestem is the 
leading variety of white wheat, ft is of Australian origin, but has 
been grown in the Pacific coast area of the United States for nearly 
70 years. In California this wheat is generally known as White 
Australian, but in the Pacific Xorthwest it is usually called Blue- 
stem. It is a true spring wheat, but is grown from fall sowing 
in California and Arizona, and occasionally in Oregon and Wash- 
ington. It is beardless and has glabrous, white glumes, and soft to 
semihard kernels. It is most important in Washington. California, 
Idaho, and Oregon. More than 1.350.000 acres were grown in 1919. 
Pacific Bluestem- formerly was one of the most productive varieties 
in the Pacific Coast States, but is now being replaced by Baart, and 
also by Bunyip in California and Hard Federation in Oregon. 
One hundred and six samples of Pacific Bluestem have been milled 
and baked. The average results are presented in Table 60. As this 
variety has been used as a standard for comparing other white 
wheats, the results of comparable samples with other varieties are 
shown in Tables 62 to 73. 
Pacific Bluestem was for many years considered the best milling 
and baking wheat grown in the Pacific Coast States. Since the in- 
troduction of hard red winter and hard red spring varieties into that 
section during the past 15 to 20 years, it has lost this leading position, 
although it still often sells at a premium over other wheats. Amiong 
the white wheats, it is now inferior to more recently introduced 
varieties, including Baart. Bobs, Bunyip, Federation. Hard Federa- 
tion, and White Federation. The results show, however, that it 
represents about the average in quality of the white wheats which 
have been included in the milling and baking experiments reported in 
this bulletin. 
Sonora. — The Sonora variety, known also as Xinety Day and Red- 
chaff, was introduced into California from Mexico by the Spanish 
Fathers one hundred to one hundred and fifty years ago. It is the 
oldest variety known in California and Arizona, where it is still an 
important variety. It is beardless and has pubescent, brown glumes, 
and small, soft kernels. Because of its poor milling and baking 
qualities, it is graded with the club wheats in the subclass Western 
White. However, it is a common wheat. About 210,000 acres of 
Sonora were grown in the United States in 1919, nearly four-fifths 
of which were grown in California. It is one of the highest yielding 
