6 BULLETIN 1184, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
f acturer states that some of the staple in the same bale runs from 1£ 
up to 2 inches. This is no doubt an exaggeration. However, many 
bales undoubtedly show a considerable variation, which in many 
cases could be materially reduced by proper methods of preliminary 
field classing and field segregation. 
(2) Much of the cotton shows evidence of rough handling at the 
gin and compress. The writer inspected many lots of samples of 
grade No. 2, of which a high percentage were of the rough, ropy type, 
an illustration of which, reproduced from photographs, accompanies 
this bulletin. (See Pis. VIII to XII.) 
(3) Some of the manufacturers complain of a high percentage of 
waste in Pima cotton. In one case the total waste for Pima was 
given as 40 per cent, as compared with 35 per cent for Sakellaridis, 
Sea Island, or Peelers cotton in the same mill. 
In most cases where the same mills were using both Sakellaridis 
and Pima cotton, the waste content was the same. Some of the New 
England mills that are making high-count yarns report 32.5 per cent 
waste for the No. 2 Pima variety. 
(4) There have been several complaints of " two-sided " bales, and 
it is said that in some cases the same bale contains more than two 
types. A manufacturer who is using much Pima staple said, " The 
grade is reduced by excess of leaf and the bales seem to be consistently 
mixed packed." This is no doubt due to the fact that cotton from 
portions of the field affected by root-rot and that from high spots 
which have suffered from lack of water have been picked and ginned 
with the superior cotton. 
(5) Pima cotton does have many neps, which are also found in 
Sakellaridis, though possibly not to such an extent as in the Pima 
variety. Having seen much Pima cotton in operation in various 
mills, the writer believes that many neps are caused by improper set- 
tings and speeds at the picker and card. This is also the opinion of 
many of the leading manufacturers who are using Pima fiber satis- 
factorily. 
The yarns shown in Plate II were made at the same mill and reeled 
from bobbins selected at random. Yarns in section A are made from 
high-grade Sakellaridis cotton, while the yarns in section D are made 
from No. 2 Pima, lf-inch staple. 
The yarns shown in sections A and B of Plate III were made at 
different mills from Pima cotton, while C is Sakellaridis and D is 
Pima made at the same mill. The Sakellaridis cotton broke at 6 per 
cent above the new Draper standard, while the Pima variety broke 
12.4 per cent above the standard. 
The yarns shown in Plate IV were all made from Pima cotton at 
different mills. 
Plates V and VI show Pima and Sakellaridis yarns from the same 
mill. 
(6) Some of the manufacturers who have been using Sakellaridis 
cotton have tried to get the same production from the card on Pima 
fiber as they did when using Sakellaridis. This can not be done 
successfully, owing to the difference in length of staple. But the 
same production can be had from Pima cotton as from Sea Island. 
Approximately, the production for Pima or Sea Island cotton per 
card per 48 hours is 220 to 290 pounds, while 200 to 350 pounds of 
