DISTINCTIONS IN CULTIVATED BARLEYS. 
13 
seen in this table, the varieties remained distinct in their tillering 
habit, but as the space decreased, the difference of over three culms 
per plant in favor of Smyrna rapidly diminished to one. Types 
falling between these extremes were inseparable at the least spacing. 
It will also be noticed that the varieties differ in the spacing at 
which they seem to make complete use of the soil. An increase in 
number of plants in the Manchuria beyond the 4 by 4 inch plant- 
ings does not increase the number of tillers on the unit area, while 
for Smyrna the limit is not yet reached. 
Table II. — Effect of Interval on tfie production of culms in selections of Smyrna 
and 'Manchuria 1 barley. 
Plants and culms. 
Space between plants. 
4 by 8 inches. 
Manchu- 
ria. 
Smyrna. 
4 by 4 inches. 
Manchu- 
ria. 
Smyrna. 
4 by 2 inches. 
Manchu- 
ria. 
Smyrna. 
Total plants 
Total culms 
Culms per plant . 
42 
122 
2.9 
46 
282 
6.1 
234 
2.7 
361 
4.5 
179 
236 
1.3 
190 
446 
2.3 
i The selection of Manchuria was made for its low-tillering habit, and it is not typical of the Manchuria 
variety as commonly grown. 
The response to geographical location is a disturbance sufficient to 
vitiate all close distinction. Even the groups are often reversed. 
For instance, when summarized, a large number of selections of 
6-rowed barley at St. Paul averaged 2.6 culms per plant, while at 
Chico the same selections averaged but 1.5. The 2-rowed group, on 
the contrary, averaged but 4.2 culms at St. Paul, while at Chico it 
averaged 5.8. The Smyrna, however, stood near the top in both 
places, showing that in extreme cases the effect of environment does 
not conceal the character. 
LEAF CHARACTERS. 
• The leaves of mature barley plants present quite a variety of 
aspects which are, as a whole, hard to record. Most of them are 
mass effects, and hence treacherous, because of the optical differences 
due to the angle of observation with reference to the light. This 
investigation is concerned with four points of variance — the color, 
the width, the length, and the number of leaves. 
COLOR OF LEAVES. 
A very casual observation shows a considerable difference in the 
color of leaves, but there are so many difficulties in their valuation 
that the writer is unprepared to discuss their separation at this time. 
