GRAPEVINE LOOPER. 13 
Even when partial stripping of the vines occurs it is usually attrib- 
uted to some other cause. This insect should be regarded as a 
potential source of danger to the grape industry, which may at any 
time become destructive. It is also of importance in that its presence 
makes spraying to control the major pests of the vine more than 
ever advisable, since these measures incidentally hold it in check also. 
CONTROL. 
" Syringing' ' the vines with hellebore was the first remedial meas- 
ure recommended (6) for the control of the grapevine looper. Since 
then tha use of Paris green and arsenite of ammonia (18) have been 
recommended. These insecticides are now superseded by arsenate 
of lead, and this poison was used exclusively in experiments con- 
ducted at North East, Pa., during the season of 1917. 
The amount of poison necessary to kill the grapevine looper was 
determined by spraying tests with various amounts. It was found 
that 1^ pounds of arsenate of lead, powdered (equivalent to 3 pounds 
of paste) to 50 gallons of liquid was the minimum strength that would 
kill larvse in all stages. Small proportions of poison would kill very 
small larva?, but since there are apt to be some large larvae on the 
vines before defoliation is serious enough to attract attention, it 
would seldom be advisable to use a weaker solution. 
The liquid used may be water, or Bordeaux Mixture if it is desired 
to control fungus diseases at the same time. The time of application 
can best be determined by the presence of the caterpillars. 
As previously indicated, a spray application directed primarily 
against the grapevine rootworm and the grape-berry moth, immedi- 
ately after the grape blossoms have fallen, incidentally controls the 
grapevine looper. In spite of the fact that some of the looper larva? 
are well developed at this time, the poison is sufficient to destroy all 
stages of the pest and prevent it from becoming abundant the 
following season. It should be remembered, then, that work properly 
done to control the rootworm and berry moth also controls the 
grapevine looper without additional expense. 
LITERATURE CITED. 
(1) Hubner, Jacob. 
1806. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. 4 p., 213 pi. Augsburg. 
Page 4, pi. 206: Petrophora flava diver silineata. Four figures of adult male and female in 
water color. 
(2)- 
1816. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. 431+72 p. Augsburg. 
Pages 336, no. 3234: Euphia diver silineata. 
(3) Guenee, Achille. 
1857. Uranides et Phalenites. t. 1. In Histoire naturelle des insectes. 
Species general des Lepidopteres, by J. A. Boisduval and A. Guenee. 
v. 9, 514 p., 11 pi. Paris. 
Page 475: Cidaria diversilineata, description of adult, larva, and pupa, and life-history notes. 
Page 476: Cidaria gracilineata, description. 
