4 BULLETIN 900, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Larvae of all ins tars are practically alike in structure, except that 
the head is less distinctly bilobed in the earlier instars and not at all 
in the first ins tar. 
THE PUPA. 
The pupa (PI. IV. A, B) is slender ; its greatest width is at the thorax and it gradually 
tapers anally. The wing covers extend to the middle of the fourth segment. At the 
tip of the anal segment is a cremaster which bears four pairs of strong coiled hooks. 
The color is light green throughout, except the cremaster, which is flesh colored. 
Superficially the pupa appears to be naked, but under a high-power lens setse are 
found on all segments except the last. 
THE ADULT. 
When Hubner (1) named this species he figured the adult (PL IV. C) 
in water colors, but gave no description. The following description 
of the adult is copied from Packard (8) : 
30 c? and 10 9 • — Palpi long. Fore wings falcate; outer edge almost angular. 
Hind wings slightly scalloped. Body and wings of a uniform ochreous-yellow ; palpi 
dark in front of the head, tipped with dark-brown. Fore wings uniformly ochreous; 
a curved, basal, rust-brown line, denticulated on the veins; beyond, two parallel, 
more distinct, concolorous lines, the inner a little wavy, directed obliquely to the 
inner edge; the outer makes a right angle in the submedian space, crosses the inner 
line, forming a broad, triangular enclosure on the inner edge of the wing; beyond 
is a broad space, just beyond the middle of the wing, usually filled in with a purplish- 
brown tint, disappearing before reaching the costal space; sometimes there are two 
central lines in this space, converging a little below the median vein and forming 
large ringlets; this mesial space is bounded externally by a dark, rust-brown line, 
which ends at the same distance from the base of the wing both on the costa and inner 
edge; in the first median space it forms a large, sharp projection; beyond is another 
concolorous line, which curves inward to where it is usually (not always) interrupted 
by the projection of the other line, and thence goes straight, though zigzag in its 
course, to the inner edge of the wing; a similarly colored more or less zigzag, oblique, 
apical line extends to the middle of the wing, opposite the projection; the edge 
beyond the lines either clear-yellow or filled in with lilac-brown ; a small discal dot. 
Hind wings clear, a little paler than the fore wings, with a faint discal dot, sometimes 
absent; in the outer third of the wing an angulated, faint, violet-brown line, edged 
externally with silver, a heavier, diffuse, shorter, submarginal, dark-brown, zigzag 
line, with a slight violet tinge; the space between this and the -wing suffused "with 
violet-brown, extending only toward the middle of the wing, or sometimes passing 
beyond toward the apex. Beneath, the wings are yellow ochreous, speckled, 
especially on the hind pair, with coarse, violet-brown specks. Fore wings clear 
when covering the hind ones, with three costal spots, the third in the middle of the 
costa; beyond, the angulated outer line is reproduced; apical, oblique line distinct, 
with a violet-brown cloud below. Hind wings with three regularly-scalloped lines; 
the margin of the wing broadly clouded with violet-brown. Legs yellow; joints 
tipped with violet-brown. Abdomen yellow, tinged above with rust-brown. 
Length of body, <? 0.60, 9 0.50-0.60 * * *; expanse of wings, # 1.30-2.10, 
9 1.35 inches. 
LIFE HISTORY AND SEASONAL HISTORY. 
The immature stages of this insect have been known since 1876 
(8), but data regarding other biological phases have been meager 
and some misconceptions have arisen. Saunders (6) first sketched 
its seasonal history. He recorded the occurrence of larvae in the 
