BEXLETIX 1197, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
The distribution of emmer in the United States in 1909 and 1919 is 
shown on the maps in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. It will be seen 
that the section of heaviest production is found in the northern 
Great Plains and the subhuinid prairie section. Spelt is included 
with emmer in the census figures, but practically the entire produc- 
tion indicated is emmer. Emmer appears to be adapted to approxi- 
mately the same conditions as durum wheat. 
BUSHEL WEIGHT. 
Xo standard bushel weights for emmer and spelt are established 
by Federal statutes in the United States, neither are such weights 
established for the Dominion of Canada. The weight used in com- 
puting acre yields of these crops in experiments of the Office of Cereal 
Investigations in recent years has been 32 pounds per bushel. This 
represents the approximate weight of grain as it comes from the 
Fig. 2. — Outline map^of theTChited States, showing the distribution of emmer in 1919 according to the 
United States census. Estimated area, 166,829 acres. Each dot represents 100 acres or less per county. 
separator, most of it being still in the chaff. The United States 
Census Bureau uses a weight of 40 pounds per bushel in reporting 
statistics of emmer and spelt. The States of Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, 
Minnesota. Xorth Dakota, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia have a 
legal weight of 40 pounds per bushel for spelt or speltz. while South 
Dakota recognizes 45 and Nebraska 48 pounds per bushel. Illinois, 
Iowa, and Kansas also specify 40 pounds and Nebraska 48 pounds per 
bushel for emmer. 
The bushel weight used in determining the acre yield in the experi- 
ments here reported differed at nearly all stations and varied from 25 to 
60 pounds per bushel. As there is so much confusion in these weights, 
the yields of emmer and spelt are best reported in pounds of grain as 
threshed per acre. This is the method used in this bulletin, in order 
to compare emmer and spelt with other crops. 
Einkorn is more chaify and usually is lighter in weight than either 
emmer or spelt. As it is not grown commercially in this country and 
is of no economic importance, no standard of weight is necessary. 
