EXPERIMENTS WITH EMMER, SPELT, AND EINKORN. 13 
the rather severe winters of 1915-16 and 1916-17. Very little if 
any of this spelt is now grown. Red Winter has been distributed by 
the department and by several experiment stations, but it is not 
extensively grown. 
Red Winter is believed to be identical or nearly identical with the 
Red spelt grown from spring sowing in experiments in Canada. 
WHITE BEARDED. 
This variety (C. I. No. 1774) differs from the varieties previously 
described in having awned spikes and rather yellowish glumes. The 
spikes are long, slender, and lax, and the glumes are glabrous and 
have a pointed shoulder. It is a winter variety but will mature seed 
from spring sowing. This spelt was obtained from the Washington 
Agricultural Experiment Station in 1901, along with the Alstroum 
and Red Winter varieties. It is identical with a lot, C. I. No. 1724, 
obtained from Serbia through the Paris Exposition in 1900. A 
similar variety of spelt was grown at College Park, Md., under the 
name " White Bearded." This was obtained by the department 
from Haage & Schmidt, seedsmen, of Erfurt, Germany, in 1904. 
None of these is known to be grown commercially in the United 
States. A White Bearded spelt apparently identical with the one 
here described was grown also in experiments in Canada. 
BLACK BEARDED. 
The Black Bearded spelt is very similar to the White Bearded 
variety except in having black glumes and awns. The color varies in 
intensity from brown to black, according to environment. This 
variety has been grown in plat experiments only in Canada. 
WHITE SPRING. 
White Spring has long, slender, lax, erect, awnless spikes and 
glabrous white glumes (PL II, ^4) . The plants are of medium height 
and are late in maturing. The stems are white or yellow. This 
variety probably has been introduced into the United States at 
several different times. White Spring, which has been grown in the 
experiments reported later, was obtained in 1904 from J. M. Thor- 
burn & Co., seedsmen, of New York City. The original source of 
the seed is not known. White Spring is not known to be grown com- 
mercially in the United States. 
VARIETIES OF EINKORN. 
Two varieties of einkorn have been grown in experiments in the 
United States and Canada. The most important one is the Common 
or single einkorn. 
COMMON. 
Common einkorn contains only one kernel in each spikelet (PL III) . 
It usually has been grown from fall sowing, but was sown in the 
spring in experiments in the Dakotas and Canada. When sown in 
the spring it makes a slow growth, but eventually the spikes are 
exserted and the seed matures late in the season. The samples of 
this variety which were grown in the experiments were from seed 
originally obtained in Germany by the United States Department 
of Agriculture. 
