30 
B"CXLETIX 1197. U. S. DEPARTMENT Of AGRICULTURE. 
Ta^le 22. — Yields of three varieties each of emmer and spelt and one variety each of barley 
and oats grown on the Xappan (Nova Scotia^ Experimental Farm in all or pari of the 
years from 1900 to 1910, inclusive. 
[Data complied from reports of Dominion Experimental Farms {39 and 41).] 
"iields per acre (pounds). 
Crop and variety. 
1900 1901 
U - 
1903 
1904 
1908 
1909 
Average. 
. 1905 1906 1907 
1910 
1900 ' 1904 
to to 
1910. ; 1910. 
Vernal White 
Spring 
White 
2,881 2,720 
2,520 2,160 
2,400 
1.520 
1.400 
1.760 
1 72 

2, 880 
3.240 
1 4C 2,400 1.760 
1,860 
2,240 1,48 
1.9S7 1.911 
Red 
White Spring 
White Bearded.. 
Red 
Barley: 
Mansurr 
Oats: 
Banner 
1.000 1,120 1,040 
1,120 2.360 2.120 
1, 400*2," 440 "i.'sSO 
2.360 2.320 2 > 
2. ISO 2,-560 1.520 
1,280 
1,800 
'2*640 
2,000 
2. 520 
1.560 1.360 
1 18C 1.600 
- 1,400 
2,060 - iS 
2,340 1,926 
- i8 1.434 
3,500 | 1.997 
"J .'.'.'.'.'. '2*040- 
2.400 2.416 2. 243 
2,680 2.429 : :,: 
- 
RESULTS EN' THE GREAT PLAINS AREA. 
The Great Plains area extends from the ninety-eighth meridian of 
longitude westward to the Rocky Mountains and from southern 
Texas northward into Canada. The altitude varies from about 
1.000 feet on the eastern border to about 6.000 feet at the foothills of 
the Rocky Mountains. The soils of the Great Plains area vary from 
light sandy loams to heavy clays or gumbos. 
The annual precipitation ranges from about 1-1 inches in the north- 
western portion to nearly 25 inches in central Texas. The area is 
semiarid. generally speaking, as evaporation is so high, even where 
the rainfall is greatest, that soil moisture is the chief limiting factor 
in crop production. Prom half to two-thirds of the precipitation 
comes during the growing season, from April to August, inclusive. 
Wind movement is rapid, summer temperatures are high, and the 
loss of water by evaporation is heavy. Hot winds, hail, and rust 
occur occasionally in the Great Plains area and are important factors 
influencing the production of small grains. 
Winter wheat is the leading small-grain crop in the southern half 
of the Great Plains area and spring wheat in the northern half. 
Because of the severe winter temperatures practically all of the bar- 
ley and oats grown in the Great Plains area is spring sown, although 
winter barley and oats can be grown in the southern portion of the 
area. 
Both winter and spring emmer have been grown in experiments 
in the Great Plains area. The yields at most stations are compared 
only with those of spring varieties of barley and oats, however, 
because these crops could not be grown from fall sowing. 
Experiments with emmer were begun in the Great Plains about 
1900. Results obtained at 22 experiment stations in this area. 17 
in the United States and 5 in Canada, are shown in this bulletin. 
It contains nearly all of the results with emmer in the Great Plains 
area, except limited tests in Wyoming and Montana. At the Judith 
Basin substation. Moccasin, Mont.. Donaldson (16) showed that 
emmer did not compare favorably with other crops. 
