38 BULLETIN 1197. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Winter emmer and winter spelt were not grown on the dry land in 
all seasons. Neither of these crops is hardy enough for western 
South Dakota. Buffum Black Winter emmer during the six years 
from 1913 to 1918 yielded somewhat more than half as much as Ver- 
nal spring emmer. The average yield of Vernal emmer in the 12 
years from 1908 to 1919, inclusive, was 774 pounds per acre. Dur- 
ing the same period Hannchen barley yielded 910 pounds and Kher- 
son oats 953 pounds per acre. The less productive varieties of barley 
and oats did not outyield the emmer. During seasons of severe 
drought, as in 1914 and 1917, emmer was less productive than barley 
and oats. 
The experiments on irrigated land were begun in 1912. Vernal 
emmer produced an average yield of 1,539 pounds per acre in com- 
parison with 1,661 pounds of Chevalier II barley and 1,652 pounds 
of White Russian oats. Buffum Black Winter emmer and Red 
Winter spelt were sown in 1915 and 1916. Both were badly winter- 
killed during the winter of 1915-16 and entirely destroyed during 
the following winter. 
RESULTS AT HETTINGER, N. DAK. 
Yaroslav spring emmer was grown at Hettinger, N. Dak., during 
two seasons. The results obtained independently by the North 
Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station were reported by Ogaard 
(33) in Bulletin No. 130 of that station. The yields of emmer in 
comparison with barley and oats are shown in Table 33. Emmer 
produced a higher yield than oats but lower than that of barley. 
The 2-year data are not sufficient for definite conclusions. 
Table 33. — Yields of one variety each of emmer, barley, and oats groum at Hettinger, 
N. Dak., in 1916 and 1917. 
[Data compiled from North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 130 (33).] 
Crop and variety. 
Yields per acre (pounds) 
C. I. ! 
No. 
1916 
1917 I Average. 
1526 
| 
1,980 | 
1,940 
2,020 
687 
950 
550 
1,334 
Barley: Hanna 
: 203 
1 656 
1,445 
1,285 
RESULTS AT DICKINSON, N. DAK. 
One variety of spring emmer has been grown at the Dickinson, 
N. Dak., substation since 1907. The experiments have been con- 
ducted cooperatively by the Office of Cereal Investigations and the 
North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, and the yields were 
published in part by Clark (11). 
The 13-year average acre yield of Yaroslav emmer is 1,476 pounds, 
as shown in Table 34. During the same period, Hannchen barley 
yielded 1,435 pounds and Golden Rain oats 1,522 pounds. Con- 
sidering both yield and feeding value, emmer is about equal to barley 
and oats at Dickinson, but does not excel them. Its value lies 
chiefly in permitting a greater diversification of field crops. 
