EXPERIMENTS WITH BMMEE, SPELT, AND EINKORN. 55 
The average yields of the leading varieties of winter einmer, 
spring emmer, spelt, barley, and oats at 52 experiment stations in 
the United States and Canada are shown in Table 58, which is a 
summary of some of the data from the preceding tables. The number 
of years in which these crops were grown also is shown. At most of 
the stations only spring varieties of barley and oats were grown, but 
at a few stations in the southern part of the United States these 
crops were sown in the fall. Most of the spelt was sown in the fall. 
Where the barley and oats were sown in the fall or spelt was sown 
in the spring the fact is indicated by footnotes. The stations are 
grouped, as heretofore, into four geographic areas, viz, (1) the south 
Atlantic (humid) area, (2) the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Valleys 
(subhumid) area, (3) the Great Plains (semiarid) area, and (4) the 
Western Basin and Coast area. 
In the South Atlantic (humid) area barley and oats were more pro- 
ductive than emmer or spelt, except at Arlington Experiment Farm, 
near Rosslyn, Va., and at College Park, Md. At these points winter 
spelt considerably exceeded both barley and oats in grain production. 
The net yields of spelt, considering the weight of free kernels alone, are 
lower than the yields of winter wheat at these two stations. 
In the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Valleys (subhumid) area 
emmer and spelt were outyielded on the average by the leading 
varieties of barley and oats, except at St. Paul and Morris, Minn., and 
Fargo, N. Dak. At St. Paul emmer yielded more than barley but less 
than oats. At Morris emmer yielded more than oats but less than 
barley, while at Fargo emmer outyielded both barley and oats. At 
other stations emmer outyielded both barley and oats in some years. 
In the Great Plains (semiarid) area the leading varieties of both 
barley and oats outyielded emmer and spelt at 15 of the 22 stations 
where results were obtained. At the remaining 7 stations where one 
of the two crops, barley or oats, was not well adapted, the other 
outyielded emmer and spelt. At some stations in some seasons 
emmer outyielded both barley and oats, and it frequently exceeds 
the poorer varieties of these crops in yield. 
At 3 of the 13 stations in the Western Basin and Coast area, both 
barley and oats usually outyielded emmer and spelt. At 7 stations 
either barley or oats (usually barley) outyielded both emmer and spelt. 
At the 3 remaining stations both barley and oats were outyielded by 
either emmer or spelt. Of these 3 stations yields were obtained in only 
two years at Prescott, Ariz., and Lind, Wash., and these yields were 
very low. At the third station, Nephi, Utah, barley and oats are not 
well adapted and were outyielded by both emmer and spelt. At all 
three of these stations winter wheat has produced higher yields of 
threshed grain than any of the other crops. 
Both winter and spring emmer have yielded best when sown at 
the rate of about 6 to 8 pecks per acre in the sections where these 
crops are grown. 
Winter emmer has produced the highest yields when sown at about 
the time winter wheat is sown. Spring emmer yields best when sown 
as early as practicable. 
Emmer is most productive when sown with the grain drill at a 
depth of \\ to 3 inches. 
