56 BTLLETIX 1197. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBICUL.TUKB. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
Winter emmer is not hardy enough to be grown on the Great Plains 
north of Kansas, and even there it may be winterkilled. It is less 
productive than winter spelt. Because of its low yields it should not 
be grown in any part of the United States or Canada. 
Spring emmer should not be grown except possibly to some extent 
in North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, and southern Minnesota for 
the purpose of increasing crop diversification. In all sections of these 
States it is outyielded, on the average, by the leading varieties of bar- 
ley or oats, or both, although in some years at some stations it will 
outyield these crops. Even under conditions where rust and drought 
are of common occurrence emmer does not compare favorably with 
barley and oats. Vernal [White Spring or Common) is the best vari- 
ety of emmer. 
Winter spelt is more productive than barley and oats in a limited 
portion of Maryland and Virginia where experiments have been con- 
ducted, and apparently also in central Utah. The limits of its adapta- 
tion have not been determined, but it is probable that it will be found 
to give best results in comparison with other small-grain feed crops 
in the area between the spring and winter oats and barley areas. It 
does not produce as high net yields of threshed kernels as does winter 
wheat, even in those districts where it appears promising. 
