26 
BULLETIN 673, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
Wisconsin, Michigan, Maine, and New York, the leading States 
in production, show an increased output. Wisconsin's proportion 
of the aggregate cut of the country advanced from 46 per cent to 49 
per cent. 
The computed total cut of 450,000,000 feet is in line with the pro- 
duction of the last three years, during which time much has been 
done to foster the demand for birch. 
The average mill value reached $19.59 per 1,000 feet in 1916; in 
1915 it was $16.52. 
Table 21. — Reported production of birch lumber, 1916. 
[Computed total production in United States, 450,000,000 feet b. m.] 
Number of 
active 
mills. 
Quantity re- 
ported. 
Percent. 
Average 
value per 
M feet, 
i. o.b.mill. 
United States 
Wisconsin 
Michigan 
Maine 
2s ew York 
Vermont 
West Virginia 
New Hampshire 
Minnesota 
Pennsylvania 
All other States (see summary , p. SS) 
1,849 
Feet b. m. 
365,943,000 
100.0 
245 
165 
191 
183 
218 
112 
107 
65 
220 
342 
549,000 
2-51,000 
088,000 
192,000 
980,000 
590,000 
376, 000 
341,000 
839, 000 
737,000 
49.1 
16.2 
7.7 
6.3+ 
6.3- 
4.5+ 
2.8 
2.3 
2.1 
2.7 
$19. 59 
19.51 
20.75 
19.94 
20.79 
19.26 
20.40 
15.25 
16.76 
18.29 
CEDAR. 
The term " cedar," as used in this bulletin, embraces several species 
which make up the bulk of the cut in the respective regions. Western 
red cedar (Thuja plicata) is the species cut in Washington, Oregon, 
and Idaho; Port Orford cedar (Chamsecyparis lawsoniana) in Oregon; 
northern white cedar, or arborvitse (Thuja occidentalis) in the Lake 
States and Northeastern States; incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens) 
in California; southern white cedar, which also is called " juniper, " 
(Chamsecyparis thyoides) in Atlantic Coast States; and red cedar 
(Juniperus virginiana and J. barbadensis) in Tennessee, Florida, and 
Alabama. 
In rather sharp contrast with the production of other woods, the 
cedar cut in 1916 of 322,003,000 feet is smaller than the reported cut 
for 1915. The decline indicated is 8.6 per cent and is directly trace- 
able to the decrease in Washington of 46,000,000 feet in the output 
and 13 in the number of mills reporting. Washington cut 57 per 
cent of the total for the entire country in 1915 and but 48 per cent 
in 1916. 
In 1915 Michigan and Wisconsin held seventh and eighth place, 
respectively, in rank among the producing States; but in 1916 these 
positions were taken by North Carolina and Tennessee. 
