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accordance with their modes of life or occupations, and (2) by their 
food and other material circumstances, since, in biological language, 
the organism is modified by its environment,* it is now necessary to 
inquire as to the results of the given occupations, and the given 
partition and use to the members following these. The biologist 
has accumulated a considerable body of knowledge respecting these 
results among animals, but comparatively little is known of human 
society in this respect. The foundation of an exhaustive knowledge 
of these results has, however, long ago been laid by the labours of 
the physician, the hygienist, and in a less degree by those of the 
educationist and philanthropist. 
§ 22. These, then, are the primary tables, and we are now in a 
position to inquire how far our task of classifying the whole body 
of social statistics has been successful. 
The scheme is scientific throughout — in accordance with the 
known truths of physical and biological science — is capable on the 
one hand of complete specialisation by the aid of minor tables, into 
the most trivial details of common life, and on the other, of 
generalisation into a colossal balance-sheet. Its systematic and 
generalised character appears clearly from a survey of the whole 
sheet of tables. It will be observed in the first place that the 
successive sets of tables, three each, may be read in horizontal rows, 
thus — Territory, Production, Organisms, Occupations, Partition, 
Use, Result. Secondly, that these sets of tables are related to each 
other : Organisms being treated on the same plan as Territory ; the 
tables of Occupations being derived largely from those of Pro- 
duction, and the tables of Partition, Use, and Result, being in such 
close relation to those of Occupations that the ruling of each of the 
latter is exactly copied in all the four lower series ; while the third, 
and by far the most important general view is obtained by looking 
at the left hand and middle vertical series (at least as far down as 
Occupations inclusive, and in some respects all the way), as entries 
on the debtor side of the balance-sheet, and similarly at the right 
hand vertical series as entries on the creditor side. Again, the 
scheme is universal in application — the tables will serve equally 
well for arranging our knowledge concerning any society — animal or 
* This might, perhaps, more conveniently have been stated as a separate 
axiom. 
