of Edinburgh, Session 1881-82. 
393 
their fellows in the struggle for existence, (2) that the starch is 
actually consumed, and (3) that the algse are of importance in the 
function of respiration ; for which, again, it is necessary to show (a) 
the evolution of oxygen by the algae, ( b ) the absorption of a large 
percentage by the animal, and ( c ) the displacement of the pigment 
to which the respiratory pigment is usually assigned, by the algae 
when the former is normally present. 
B. In the very next number of the Biologisches Centralblatt ,* 
after the publication of Dr. Brandt’s paper, and the reading of my 
own, there appeared a very interesting article by Dr. Geza Entz, 
pointing out that he had anticipated, as far back as 1876, most of 
the observations of Dr. Brandt’s paper, as well as the theoretic views 
we have both expressed. As, however, Dr. Entz’s paper seems un- 
fortunately never to have been translated from the original Magyar, 
it is not altogether surprising that both Dr. Brandt and myself 
should have overlooked it. 
Dr. Entz has been able, for instance, to cultivate green bodies taken 
from the bodies of numerous infusors, and to trace their develop- 
ment into forms recognisable as belonging to the genera PalmeTla , 
Tetraspora , Gloeocystis , Pleurococcus, &c., and the entrance of spores 
of these into Infusorians. He too points out that the algae cannot 
be regarded as parasites, but that the Infusorians must rather live 
at their expense ; obtaining oxygen and supplying carbonic acid ; 
so that we have to do as in lichens “ with a quite peculiar consortial 
relation of two wholly different organisms.” 
Although impugning, for reasons above stated at length, the 
justice of most of Dr. Brandt’s views respecting his Zoochlorella , 
of Hydra and Spo7igilla, there is of course the very greatest proba 
bility that just as “ yellow cells ” are sometimes to be found in marine 
Infusorians, so a similar association between fresh-water algse and 
animals should also sometimes occur. This Dr. Entz, by actually 
observing the change and growth of the green bodies after their 
removal from the animal, appears to have settled. But such facts 
by no means invalidate the arguments for the existence, in some 
other cases, of true animal chlorophyll. 
C. Since Dr. Entz shows that so many different algal forms may 
* “Ueb. d. Natur d. Chlorophyll Korperchen niederer Tiere,” Biol. Ccn~ 
tralbl., 20 Jan. 1882. 
