of Edinburgh, Session 1881 - 82 . 
453 
projecting from the inferior surface of the body in series with, but 
smaller than, the inferior transverse tubercles of the 7th cervical. 
A mesial ridge appeared on the ventral surface of the 8th dorsal, as 
in the Brussels skeleton, which became stronger in the vertebrae 
behind. The laminae and spines were complete in all the dorsals, 
and the spines, as a rule, increased in length and massiveness from 
before backwards, the 1st being 4J inches and the 10th 8J inches 
long. The spines of the 1st and 2nd were almost vertical, those of 
the rest were inclined backwards. The articular surfaces for the 
heads of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs were very dis- 
tinct on the anterior six dorsals at the junction of the pedicle with 
the posterior part of the side of the body. No articular surface for 
the head of the 7th rib was present on the left side of the body of 
the 7 th dorsal, but on the right side a small articular facet was situ- 
ated on a slight elevation, in series with the projecting articular 
process for the 8th rib, on the side of the body of the 8th dorsal. 
The anterior seven dorsals had each a strong transverse process, for 
articulation with the tubercle of a corresponding rib, projecting from 
the pedicle close to the anterior zygapophysis. These transverse 
processes projected forwards in the anterior six, and outwards in the 
7th. The long axis of the articular surface on the transverse pro- 
cess was vertical on the 1st and 2nd dorsals, oblique on those 
immediately behind, and horizontally antero-posterior on the 7th. 
No transverse process projected from the side of the neural arch of 
the 8th, 9th, and 10th dorsals, but a transverse process for articula- 
tion with a corresponding rib projected from the side of the body, 
nearer its anterior than posterior surface. It measured half an inch 
in the 8th, 2J inches in the 9th, and 4 inches in the 10th vertebra : 
Zygapophyses were present as far back as the anterior pair on the 
8th dorsal. A pair of strong metapophyses projected forward from 
the laminae of the 10th, 9th, and 8 th dorsals, to overlap the laminae 
of the vertebra immediately in front, and rudimentary metapophyses 
were present on the 7th and 6th dorsals. The 7th dorsal was 
the vertebra of transition. 
Lumbar Vertebrae . — The ten lumbars were almost uniform in 
shape, but increased in size from before backwards ; the body of the 
last lumbar measured 5 inches in its antero-posterior diameter, and 
3*2 in its transverse. The bodies were keeled on the ventral sur- 
