15 
batch should be boiled about two hours. When done, if filled to make 
up the evaporation by boiling, there will be about twenty-five pounds 
of soap, enough for 150 gallons of effective wash, and costing about 23 
cents. 
Soap JVo. 2. — Babbitt's potash lye, 2 pounds ; fish oil, 6 pints. The 
lye is dissolved in four gallons of water, the oil added, and boiled for 
about two hours. After the soap is complete a decoction of 2 pounds 
of tobacco stems is worked in. This makes about 40 pounds of soap 
and, diluted with 400 gallons of water, will make an effective wash, the 
cost of which is about 50 cents. 
Soap JVo. 3. — This is a resin soap made with 4 pounds of resin, 2 
pounds of tallow, and 1 pound of Babbitt's potash lye. It made 20 
pounds of good hard soap and was used at various strengths, yet did 
not work satisfactorily, compared with other washes, and it is not 
recommended. 
Resin Compound. — It is to be regretted that this valuable insecticide 
for soft-bodied Coccidae and all Aphididae has been so neglected as a 
means against the Hop Phorodon. I have, on former occasions, recom- 
mended this insecticide as the best for destroying this insect, and have 
not as yet come to any other conclusion. It is certainly one of the 
simplest washes to prepare, and a failure in producing a properly saponi- 
fied resin brings no bad consequence to plants, and at the most affects 
only the operator's temper by constantly clogging up the nozzle. Three 
pounds of common washing soda (carbonate of soda) will dissolve four 
pounds of resin. One pound of caustic soda, about 76 per cent strong, 
will dissolve 6 pounds of resin effectually, but not more. In dissolving 
the carbonate of soda, water only should be added. The broken up 
resin in a kettle, covered with this solution, should be boiled thor- 
oughly until the resin is well dissolved, not leaving any soft lumps 
which will not dissolve later. Hot water should be added while boil- 
ing or cold water in small quantities to make about five gallons of com- 
pound. This, before cooling, should be diluted with cold water. 
One pound of caustic soda is dissolved in 2 gallons of water and 6 
pounds of broken resin are boiled with about 3 quarts of the lye. After 
being well dissolved the rest of the lye is added slowly with water to 
make about 8 gallons of compound, which should be diluted with water 
before cooling. In preparing the resin compound it is important to 
secure a resulting clear, brown mixture, at which stage it is ready to be 
diluted with water. A milky appearance indicates an imperfectly 
saponified resin. Resin is sold at Portland at $4 per barrel of 280 
pounds. Six pounds of saponified resin, as given above, will cost about 
17 cents and will make 75 gallons of a strong wash. If diluted to 100 
gallons it will still be very effective — in fact, rather better — since the 
various insects preying upon the Aphidids are not destroyed by a wash 
of this strength. 
The action of resin wash upon Aphididse is immediate. After being 
