[Vol. VI, No. 1.] INSECT LIFE. [Issued November, 1893. 
SPECIAL NOTES. 
Forest and Shade Tree Enemies in West Virginia. — Bulletins 31 and 32 of 
the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, by Mr. A. D. Hop- 
kins, published in April and May, 1893, respectively, contain much 
matter of interest to the student of forest insects. Bulletin 31 is a. 
catalogue of West Virginia Scolytidre and their enemies, but it is also 
something more than a catalogue. It gives rearing records and brief 
tabular accounts of the habits of 80 species of Scolytidse and of 88> 
species of the natural enemies of these destructive beetles. In consid- 
ering parasites Mr. Hopkins has carefully distinguished between those^ 
found simply associated with the supposed host ; those which he con- 
siders to be primary, and those which he considers to be secondary. 
Although the records would have been of more value had the reasons 
for these conclusions been given, the list nevertheless marks an advance 
in this direction. It is interesting to note that Mr. Hopkins has reared 
8 distinct parasites of Scolytus rugulostis, and a further remarkable 
observation is recorded in the fact that a Chalcidid of the subfamily 
Pteroinalinae was reared from the adult of Pityophthorus minutissimus r 
an observation which is without parallel in the whole family Chalcididae. 
Bulletin 32, which comprises a catalogue of the West Virginia forest 
and shade-tree insects, is naturally more extensive, and covers some 
75 pages, giving rearing records of no less than 494 species. The bul- 
letins are well printed upon good quality of paper, but are somewhat 
marred by the results of inexpert proof-reading. 
Orange Insects in Louisiana.— The Louisiana Agricultural Experiment 
Station at Baton Bouge, La., has published a special bulletin on the 
subjects of the Orange and other Citrus fruits from seed to market, 
with insects beneficial and injurious, with remedies for the latter, by 
Prof. W. C. Stubbs, Director of the Station, and Prof. H. A. Morgan, 
Entomologist. The bulletin fills a great want, since we have no mod- 
ern work in English on the cultivation of the Orange. Prof. Morgan's 
contribution to the bulletin is partly a repetition of our publications on 
the scale insects affecting Citrus trees in Florida and California, but is 
of great interest as indicating the particular insect fauna of the plants 
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